我国人民陪审员制度存在问题及完善对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:33

本文选题：人民陪审员制度 + 司法民主性　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：陪审制度始终是理论界和司法实务界关心的重大课题之一，司法的民主性是现代国家司法制度共同追求的价值目标。人民陪审员制度，，在我国有很悠久的历史。它历经清末的萌芽阶段、第二次国内革命战争时期的成型阶段、抗日战争时期和解放战争时期的发展阶段、新中国成立初期的进一步发展阶段和改革开放后的完善阶段。期间，历经波折，甚至在文革期间遭到废弃。但是，随着改革开放的深入发展和我国社会主义民主制度的逐步建立，人民陪审员制度迎来了发展的春天。1979年，《人民法院组织法》、《刑事诉讼法》重新以法律形式确立了人民陪审员制度，此后，我国的人民陪审员制度得以恢复和发展。2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》（以下简称《决定》），这是我国第一部关于人民陪审员制度的单行法律。此后，我国的人民陪审员工作迈入了新阶段。人民陪审员制度是我国司法审判中长期坚持的一项制度，是吸收了国外陪审制度有益成分并具有中国特色的民众参与司法制度，既是我国的一项政治制度，又是一项重要的司法制度。人民陪审员制度促进了司法公开，是人民当家做主原则在司法领域的体现，为中国司法审判事业做出了应有的贡献，其积极作用，不言而喻。我国人民陪审员制度的实施情况如何、存在哪些问题以及如何解决这些问题，是引导笔者进行研究的问题意识。本文首先对陪审制进行了回顾，不仅回溯了陪审制的历史渊源及其产生原因，还阐述了陪审制度在司法工作中的重要价值。随后，追溯了我国人民陪审员制度的发展历程，并将其与国外的陪审团制度和参审制度进行了对比。在此基础上，分析了我国人民陪审员制度在思想观念、立法以及司法操作等三个层面上所存在的问题：思想观念上的问题主要表现为人们对人民陪审员制度存在着认识上的偏差；立法上的问题主要表现为法律规定过于原则化和缺少完备的实施细则；司法操作上的问题主要表现在人民陪审员队伍建设、人民陪审员参审案件范围和启动程序、人民陪审员陪审效力认定、人民陪审员参加庭审积极性以及人民陪审员管理培训和经费保障等五个方面。最后，针对这些问题，笔者提出了相应的解决办法：就思想观念而言，要正确认识人民陪审员制度的价值；就立法而言，可以尝试制定《人民陪审员法》和实施细则；就司法操作层面而言，需要加强人民陪审员队伍建设、拓宽陪审员参与审理案件的范围和启动渠道、合理界定人民陪审员的陪审效力、提高人民陪审员参加庭审的积极性和建立人民陪审员管理培训和经费保障机制。
[Abstract]:The jury system has always been one of the important topics concerned by the theory and judicial practice. The democratic nature of the judicial system is the common value goal pursued by the judicial system of modern countries. The people's jury system has a long history in China. It went through the embryonic stage of the late Qing Dynasty, the shaping stage of the second civil revolutionary war, the development stage of the anti-Japanese war and the liberation war, the further development stage of the founding of New China and the perfect stage after the reform and opening up. During the period, after twists and turns, even during the Cultural Revolution was abandoned. However, with the deepening development of reform and opening up and the gradual establishment of China's socialist democratic system, The people's jury system ushered in a spring of development. In 1979, the people's Court Organization Law and the Criminal procedure Law re-established the people's jury system in the form of law. On August 28, 2004, the 11th meeting of the standing Committee of the Tenth National people's Congress adopted the decision on perfecting the people's jury system (hereinafter referred to as "< decision"). This is the first separate law on the people's jury system in China. Since then, China's people's jury work has entered a new stage. The people's juror system is a system that our country has insisted on for a long time. It is a political system of our country, which absorbs the beneficial elements of foreign jury system and takes part in the judicial system with Chinese characteristics. It is also an important judicial system. The people's jury system promotes the judicial publicity, is the embodiment of the principle of the people as the master of one's own country in the judicial field, has made the due contribution to the Chinese judicial trial cause, its positive function, self-evident. What is the implementation of the people's jury system in China, what problems exist and how to solve these problems, is to guide the author to study the problem consciousness. In this paper, the jury system is reviewed, not only the historical origin of the jury system and its causes, but also the important value of the jury system in the judicial work. Then, the author traces the development of the people's jury system in China, and compares it with the jury system and the trial system in foreign countries. On this basis, this paper analyzes the ideological concept of the people's jury system in China. There are three problems in legislation and judicial operation: the ideological problems are mainly manifested in people's understanding of the people's jury system bias; The main problems in legislation are that the legal provisions are too principled and lack of complete implementation rules; the problems in judicial operation are mainly manifested in the construction of the people's jury team, the scope of the people's jurors' participation in trial cases and the initiation of procedures, The validity of people's jury, the enthusiasm of the people's jurors to participate in the trial, the training of the people's jurors' management and the guarantee of funds. Finally, in view of these problems, the author puts forward the corresponding solutions: in terms of ideology, we should correctly understand the value of the people's jury system, as far as legislation is concerned, we can try to formulate the people's jury Law and its implementing rules. In terms of judicial operation, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of people's jury team, broaden the scope and starting channel of jurors' participation in the trial of cases, and reasonably define the jury effectiveness of people's jurors. To increase the enthusiasm of the people's jurors to participate in the trial and to establish a management training and funding guarantee mechanism for people's jurors.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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