罪犯权利救济的韩中比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 06:46

【摘要】：如今的时代是人权的时代,国际化的时代。随着人权思想不断得到深化和扩展,人权主体理论也得到持续的丰富和发展。与这一进程相伴随,特殊人权主体也成为人权主体理论研究的重要部分,这一特殊主体在社会中被称为弱势群体。由于罪犯处于特殊的国家强制关系之中,因此罪犯的权利更容易受到侵害、更需要特殊的关怀、更需要强力的救济,尊重并保障人权如果缺失了对罪犯权利的保障则人权的标榜不真诚的,是虚伪的,因为每一个人都可能是潜在的罪犯,尤其是在对罪犯权利保障的程度是一个国家人权状况的风向标的今天,对罪犯权利保障与侵害救济问题已经彰显了一个国家对人权的基本态度和价值认同。但是,当罪犯自身合法权利受到侵害时,维护自身权利容易受到障碍,其维护自身合法权利有时比较困难,说明罪犯权利在理想和现实之间还有较大的差距。本论文在这一时代背景下,对罪犯权利侵害救济手段进行比较研究。在法律领域内对罪犯权利救济制度韩国和中国两国之间的比较研究不属于大陆法系与英美法系之间的比较研究。但是,关于罪犯权利救济的韩中比较研究,仍然具有特殊的意义。因为,就韩中两国的民族传统文化而言,在一定程度上都存在着共同部分。两国罪犯权利救济制度比较的意义在于相互交流,适应国际人权公约等全球性国际刑事司法潮流。本文除了引言之外共分为四章,在对罪犯权利概念和基本特征进行解析之后,提出了罪犯权利研究的价值,在此基础上对国际人权公约的罪犯权利保障进行分析后,对如今韩国和中国罪犯权利保障现状与罪犯权利侵害和救济手段进行了比较分析,进而提出了对于韩国和中国罪犯救济制度的完善方案。第一章,主要阐述了罪犯权利概念和基本特征,罪犯权利研究的价值。第二章,对国际人权公约的罪犯权利保障进行了分析,以比较的研究方法从韩国国家人权法、新刑事执行法和中国现行罪犯权利保障特点、此法律依据对罪犯权利保障体系进行了研究。第三章,主要研究分析了罪犯权利侵害的概念、主要原因、当受到侵害时其结果,分析了罪犯权利救济的含义、一般性的救济手段、国际人权原则上救济方式、外国及中国香港权利救济手段,最后比较分析了韩国和中国罪犯权利救济制度。第四章,就强化韩国与中国罪犯权利救济水平提出了对策性完善思考,为了完善韩国罪犯权利救济制度,一要健全救济手段法制化,二要提高非司法性救济手段灵活性,三要建立国家人权委员会的改善途径,四要引入公益律师制度。为了完善中国罪犯权利救济制度,一要健全监狱法律体系,二要构建罪犯冤狱申诉机制,三要树立罪犯权利司法救济机制,四要落实国际罪犯人权救济制度。
[Abstract]:Today's era is the era of human rights, the era of internationalization. With the deepening and expansion of human rights theory, the theory of human rights subject has been continuously enriched and developed. Accompanied by this process, the special human rights subject has also become an important part of the theoretical study of human rights subject, which is called the vulnerable group in the society. Because criminals are in a special compulsory relationship with the state, the rights of criminals are more vulnerable to infringement, special care is needed, and strong relief is needed. Respect for and protection of human rights without the protection of the rights of offenders is insincere and hypocritical, since everyone is likely to be a potential criminal, Especially in a country where the degree of protection of criminal rights is the vane of human rights, the protection of criminal rights and the remedy of infringement have revealed the basic attitude and value identity of a country to human rights. However, when the criminal's own legal rights are violated, the protection of his own rights is vulnerable to obstacles, and it is sometimes more difficult to maintain his own legal rights, which indicates that there is still a big gap between the ideal and the reality of the criminal's rights. Under this background, this paper makes a comparative study on the remedies of criminal rights infringement. The comparative study between Korea and China in the field of law does not belong to the comparative study between the civil law system and the common law system. However, the Korean-Chinese comparative study on the relief of criminal rights is still of special significance. Because, in terms of traditional Korean and Chinese culture, to some extent, there is a common part. The significance of the comparison between the two countries lies in the mutual exchange and adaptation to the international criminal justice trend such as international human rights conventions. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into four chapters. After analyzing the concept and basic characteristics of the criminal rights, the author puts forward the value of the research on the criminal rights, and then analyzes the protection of the criminal rights of the international covenants on human rights. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the current situation of the protection of criminals' rights in Korea and China and the means of infringement and relief of criminals' rights, and then puts forward a perfect scheme for the relief system of criminals in Korea and China. The first chapter mainly expounds the concept and basic characteristics of criminal rights, the value of the study of criminal rights. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the protection of criminal rights in international human rights conventions, and compares the characteristics of criminal rights protection between Korea's national human rights law, the new criminal enforcement law and China's current criminal rights protection law. This legal basis has carried on the research to the criminal right safeguard system. The third chapter mainly studies and analyzes the concept of criminal rights infringement, the main reasons, the results when infringed, the meaning of criminal right relief, the general relief means, and the international human rights relief methods in principle. Foreign countries and Hong Kong, China, right relief means, the last comparative analysis of Korean and Chinese criminal rights relief system. In the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to strengthen the level of criminal right relief in Korea and China. In order to perfect Korean criminal right relief system, it is necessary to improve the legalization of relief means and improve the flexibility of non-judicial relief means. Third, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission to improve the way, fourth, the introduction of a public service lawyer system. In order to perfect the relief system of criminal rights in China, we should first perfect the prison legal system, second, construct the complaint mechanism of criminal injustice, third, set up the judicial relief mechanism of criminal rights, and fourth, implement the international criminal human rights relief system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.7;D931.26

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