我国罪犯劳动权保障研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 11:13

【摘要】：劳动权是服刑罪犯一项重要权利,也是罪犯人权保障的重要方面。保障罪犯的劳动权肯定了罪犯劳动的自身价值,是监狱日益走向文明的标志。世界人权组织及许多国家都承认罪犯的劳动权,并从法律和实践的层面充分保证罪犯的劳动权,建立了一系列罪犯劳动权保障制度。中央政法委提出“以降低重新犯罪率作为衡量监狱、劳教工作的首要标准”,充分保障罪犯的劳动权是降低重新犯罪率的必由之路,是加快构建社会主义和谐社会的必由之路。充分保证罪犯的劳动权,使罪犯在监狱里获得一技之长并通过多年的劳动获得一定的经济积蓄,不仅有利于监狱经济的发展,更有利于国家的长治久安。罪犯劳动权受到侵害后得不到很好的救济除了刑罚执行机构的不作为外,法律和制度的缺失是其重要因素。虽然建立罪犯劳动权保障制度取决于诸多因素,但法律对罪犯劳动权的保障无疑处于重要位置,因此需要从国家立法层面建立完善的罪犯劳动权保障制度。我国1994年颁布的《监狱法》在制度层面上对罪犯劳动的劳动权保障作出了规定,符合联合国《囚犯待遇最低限度标准规则》关于监狱对罪犯劳动权保障的原则要求,在我国监狱法制建设中具有重要意义。遗憾的是,《监狱法》对罪犯劳动权的保障只规定了基本原则,可操作性较差,时至今日我国罪犯中的劳动报酬制度、工伤补偿救济机制以及罪犯的职业培训等重要的劳动权利尚未建立全国性统一的制度。本文拟从以下五个方面就我国罪犯劳动权保障制度进行了研究。第一部分“罪犯劳动的概述”。在该部分分析了罪犯劳动的历史沿革、罪犯劳动的属性及罪犯劳动权的种类,并对罪犯劳动权的内涵作了具体分析。第二部分“罪犯劳动权保障的依据及意义”。主要包括：保障罪犯的劳动权是现代行刑理念的充分体现；保障罪犯的劳动权有利于调动罪犯劳动改造的积极性；保障罪犯的劳动权有利于罪犯的再社会化；保障罪犯劳动权有利于降低重新犯罪率。第三部分“国际视野下罪犯劳动权的保障”本文首先分析了联合国及国际人权组织制定的国际公约对罪犯劳动权中的人身权、财产权及受教育权保障的相关规定；又分析了欧美及亚洲一些发达国家关于罪犯劳动权保障的具体规定。第四部分“我国罪犯劳动权保障的现状及原因”。虽然《监狱法》有对罪犯劳动权的相关规定,但规定中表现罪犯劳动中的个人权利色彩并不明显,而改造色彩更浓。本文分析了我国罪犯劳动中人身权、财产权及受教育权的现状及缺损并进行了原因分析。第五部分“建立适合我国国情的罪犯劳动权保障制度之构想”,分析了在目前国情条件下保障罪犯劳动权应当遵循的原则和需要达到的目标。具体来说,首先要完善罪犯劳动权保障的法律制度,其次结合我国的现实国情给予罪犯必要的劳动报酬,第三要建立基本的罪犯劳动人身权保障制度,第四建立完善的罪犯工伤补偿机制,第五构建符合我国国情的罪犯职业技术教育制度,最后要建立重刑罪犯社会养老保险权益保障机制。
[Abstract]:The right to work is an important right to serve the prisoners and an important aspect of the protection of the criminal's human rights. The protection of the criminal's labor rights affirms the own value of the criminal's labor and is a sign of the increasingly civilized prison. The world human rights organization and many countries have recognized the labor rights of the criminals and fully guarantee the labor of the criminals from the legal and practical levels. Right, set up a series of criminal labor rights guarantee system. The central government and Law Commission put forward "to reduce the rate of re crime as the primary standard for measuring the prison and the work of labor education". It is the only way to reduce the crime rate and the only way to speed up the construction of a socialist harmonious society. It is not only conducive to the development of the prison economy but also more conducive to the long-term stability of the state.
In addition to the inaction of the penalty enforcement agency, the absence of the law and system is an important factor. Although the establishment of the system for the guarantee of the right to work for criminals depends on many factors, but the law has no doubt in the position of the guarantee of the criminal's right to work, so it needs to be established from the national legislative level. The perfect criminal labor rights guarantee system. The "Prison Law" issued by China in 1994 has made a provision on the labor rights of the criminal in the system level. It is in accordance with the United Nations principle of minimum standard for the treatment of prisoners and the principle requirements of the prison for the protection of the criminal's right to labor. It is of great significance in the construction of the prison legal system in China. It is that the prison law provides only the basic principles for the protection of the criminal's labor rights, and the operation is poor. Today, the labor compensation system of the criminals in our country, the compensation and relief mechanism of the industrial injury and the vocational training of the criminals have not yet established the national unified system.
This article is to study the criminal labor rights guarantee system in the following five aspects. The first part is "the summary of the criminal labor". In this part, the historical evolution of the criminal labor, the property of the criminal labor and the types of the criminal labor rights are analyzed, and the connotation of the criminal's labor right is analyzed in detail. The second part "the labor rights of the criminal." The basis and significance of the guarantee include: the protection of the criminal's labor rights is the full embodiment of the concept of modern execution; the protection of the criminal's labor rights is beneficial to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the criminals to reform labour; the protection of the criminal's labor rights is beneficial to the resocialization of the criminals; and the protection of the criminal's labor rights is beneficial to the reduction of the rate of the re crime. Third parts "The protection of the right of criminal labor under the international vision" this article first analyzes the relevant provisions of the international conventions formulated by the United Nations and international human rights organizations on the right of person, property rights and the right to education in the labor rights of the criminal. It also analyzes the specific provisions of the fourth parts of the developed countries in Europe and the United States and Asia about the protection of the labor rights of crime offenders. "The present situation and reasons for the protection of the right of criminal labor in China". Although the prison law has relevant provisions on the right to labor, the color of the individual's rights in the criminal labor is not obvious, but the color is thicker. This article analyses the status and defects of the personal rights, property rights and the right to receive education in criminal labor in our country. In the fifth part, "establishing the concept of the system for guaranteeing the labor rights of criminals suitable for the national conditions of our country", the principles and objectives to be followed in the protection of the labor rights of criminals under the present conditions are analyzed. In particular, the legal system of the labor rights guarantee of criminals should be perfected first, and then the crime is given in combination with the actual conditions of our country. To make the necessary labor remuneration, third should establish a basic system for the protection of the criminal's personal rights, fourth set up a perfect compensation mechanism for the offender's work injury, and fifth construct the criminal professional technical education system which conforms to the national conditions of our country, and finally establish a mechanism for the protection of the rights and interests of the social endowment insurance for the criminal of heavy punishment.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.7

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