论民事检察监督制度的完善

发布时间：2018-07-27 10:49

【摘要】：目前,世界上法律体系比较完整的国家都已经建立了民事法律监督制度,并且已经广泛应用于司法实践中,从各国司法界反馈来看取得了良好的效果,现在民事检察制度在国外的发展趋势是将得到进一步加强与发展。然而,在我国目前的法律体系中,民事检察监督制度的规定仍处于空白阶段,有些学者仍然还处于争论是否赋予检察机关民事检察监督权的理论阶段。民事检察制度的缺失,不仅使我国的民事诉讼法律体系远远落后于其他发达国家,而且更无法适应我国目前经济发展形势下的制度要求。法律法规的制度缺失使国家利益和社会公共利益每年蒙受巨大的损失。其实,我国早在建国初期检察机关就已经具备了民事检察权,只是因为历史和社会局势的原因,到现在这一职权一直没有由法律明确规定。笔者通过比较研究法和历史研究法对我国建立民事检察监督制度寻找到了理论可行性和历史必然性。笔者在寻找理论基础的同时,还通过对因民事检察制度的缺失而产生的一系列问题进行分析,指出我国要解决出现的问题就需要通过完善检察机关的民事检察权,体现出了我国需要建立检察制度的迫切性。建立民事检察监督制度首先要明确检察机关在民事诉讼中的地位,检察机关的角色定位决定了民事检察权的性质,笔者通过分析检察权的各个性质学说,指出各学说的不足之处,并认为以检察权的性质应确定为法律监督权,检察机关是以法律监督者的身份介入民事诉讼程序,行使检察监督权。同时,笔者还对检察监督权的涵义进行了分析,指出了检察权的内容,这也是明确民事案件中检察机关职权范围的前提。最后,通过上述的理论、实践经验等研究的支撑,笔者从制度体系初建、机构设置、配套制度三大方面对民事检察监督制度着手进行完善。监督方式体系设置要摒弃司法实践中的五大结构而改用提起或参与民事诉讼、抗诉、检察建议、侦查的四结构模式。提起或参与民事诉讼时涉及到检察机关的主体资格、案件范围、诉讼时效和管辖等问题；检察机关进行民事案件的抗诉在法律原有规定基础上注重明确抗诉主体、抗诉级别、抗诉范围等问题；检察建议是检察机关行使民事检察权一个有效的新型监督方式,目前在司法实践中已有适用；侦查是检察机关在介入民事案件必不可少的行使监督权的阶段。同时,注重完善检察机关关于检察监督部门的内、外部设置和监督过程中的配套制度,从而建立一套比较完整的制度体系。
[Abstract]:At present, countries with relatively complete legal systems in the world have established a civil legal supervision system, which has been widely used in judicial practice and has achieved good results from feedback from judicial circles in various countries. Now the development trend of civil procuratorial system abroad will be further strengthened and developed. However, in the current legal system of our country, the provisions of the civil procuratorial supervision system are still in the blank stage, and some scholars are still in the theoretical stage of debating whether to endow the procuratorial organs with the civil procuratorial supervision power. The lack of civil procuratorial system not only lags far behind other developed countries in the legal system of civil litigation, but also can not adapt to the system requirements under the current economic development situation of our country. The absence of laws and regulations makes the national interests and public interests suffer huge losses every year. In fact, the procuratorial organ of our country already had the civil procuratorial power as early as the founding of the people's Republic of China, only because of the historical and social situation, so far this power has not been clearly stipulated by the law. The author finds the theoretical feasibility and historical inevitability of establishing the civil procuratorial supervision system through the comparative research method and the historical research method. While looking for the theoretical basis, the author also analyzes a series of problems arising from the absence of the civil procuratorial system, and points out that in order to solve the existing problems, we need to improve the procuratorial organs' civil procuratorial power. It reflects the urgency of establishing procuratorial system in our country. In order to establish the civil procuratorial supervision system, the position of the procuratorial organ in the civil litigation should be made clear, and the role orientation of the procuratorial organ determines the nature of the civil procuratorial power. The author points out the shortcomings of various theories, and holds that the nature of procuratorial power should be determined as the power of legal supervision, and that the procuratorial organ should intervene in civil proceedings as a legal supervisor and exercise the power of procuratorial supervision. At the same time, the author also analyzes the meaning of procuratorial supervision power and points out the content of procuratorial power, which is also the premise of clarifying the scope of power of procuratorial organs in civil cases. Finally, through the above theoretical, practical experience and other research support, the author from the system of the initial establishment, institutional setup, supporting the system of civil procuratorial supervision system began to improve. The system of supervision system should abandon the five structures in judicial practice and use the four structural modes of bringing or participating in civil action, protest, procuratorial suggestion and investigation. When initiating or participating in a civil action, it involves the subject qualification of the procuratorial organ, the scope of the case, the limitation of action and jurisdiction, and so on; the procuratorial organ carries out the protest in the civil case on the basis of the original provisions of the law, and pays attention to defining the main body of the protest and the level of the protest. Procuratorial suggestion is an effective new type of supervision method for procuratorial organ to exercise civil procuratorial power, which has already been applied in judicial practice at present; investigation is the stage of procuratorial organ's essential exercise of supervisory power in civil cases. At the same time, attention should be paid to perfecting the internal and external system of procuratorial supervision department and the supporting system in the process of supervision, so as to establish a relatively complete system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.3;D925.1

【相似文献】