司法公正理念下的案例指导制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:43

【摘要】：同案同判是司法公正的核心要素。“法律面前人人平等”是现代法治国家一致认可的基本原则。而适用法律的平等又是这一原则在司法领域中的具体体现。平等适用法律则必然追求法律适用机制和适用效果的统一。案例指导制度是我国司法改革进程中一项重要的举措，它很大程度的保障了司法公正的实现，并同时规范了法官自由裁量权和统一了法律适用。案例指导制度的建立能够与司法解释制度互相补充，一同发挥柔化制定法，保障公民权利的功能。对于一些学者的质疑，笔者认为案例指导制度确有存在的合理性，且建立案例指导制度，重点是要明确其在法律体系中的定位，更好的弥补法律漏洞，以此运用于司法实践中，从而实现司法公正。文章分为五部分。引言主要阐述了本篇论文的选题背景、选题意义、研究方法和创新之处。在我国司法实践中,“同案不同判、同法不同解”的现象成为司法中的困局，公众对司法公正的要求也是越来越强烈，在这个背景下，文章从价值角度考量案例指导制度的功能，并分析其在社会主义社会中存在的合理性及必要性。本文兼用社会实证分析方法、比较研究方法等分析案例指导制度的存在意义。第一章是问题的提出。本部分用“许霆案”这个经典案例引出公众对司法公正的迫切需求，并概述了案例指导制度的基本定义和与判例制度相区别，指出“案例”与“判例”的不同，分析得到案例指导制度是不同于判例制度的，它作为一种法律适用方法而存在。第二章是对案例指导制度的合理性分析。文章分析了案例指导制度在中国特色社会主义社会中发挥着柔化法律、利于司法实践和保障私权的功能，并从这三点出发，，论证案例指导制度存在的合理性。第三章辩证的定位了案例指导制度在中国特色社会主义法律体系中的地位。主要论述了三个依据，案例指导制度的存在是符合历史发展、符合法律规定、符合法学理论的。第四章对案例指导制度的现状进行了分析。这部分论述了案例指导制度在社会实践中引发的一些忧虑，即存在的不足。第五章提出了对完善案例指导制度的建议，分别从转变观念和实践机制等方面阐述完善的途径。总之，案例指导制度对于司法活动具有重要意义。由于对指导性案例的法律定位模糊，加上我国法官长期以来形成的成文法法律思维模式，因此指导性案例功能的充分发挥仍需时日。尽管如此，仍然值得去期待案例指导制度在我国的司法实践中写下浓墨重彩的一笔。
[Abstract]:Co-adjudication is the core element of judicial justice. Equality before the law "is a basic principle unanimously recognized in a modern country ruled by law." The equality of applicable law is the concrete embodiment of this principle in the judicial field. On the other hand, the equal application of law is bound to pursue the unification of applicable mechanism and effect. Case guidance system is an important measure in the process of judicial reform in our country. It ensures the realization of judicial justice to a great extent and at the same time standardizes the discretion of judges and unifies the application of law. The establishment of case guidance system can complement the judicial interpretation system and play the role of flexible formulation law and civil rights protection. For some scholars, the author thinks that the case guidance system does exist reasonable, and the establishment of the case guidance system, the emphasis is to clarify its position in the legal system, better make up for the legal loopholes, so as to use in judicial practice, In order to achieve justice. The article is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly expounds the background, significance, research method and innovation of this thesis. In the judicial practice of our country, the phenomenon of "different judgment of the same case and different interpretation of the same law" has become a dilemma in the administration of justice, and the public's demand for judicial justice is becoming stronger and stronger. Under this background, This paper analyzes the function of case guidance system from the perspective of value, and analyzes the rationality and necessity of its existence in socialist society. This paper uses both social empirical analysis method and comparative research method to analyze the significance of case guidance system. The first chapter is the proposal of the problem. This part uses the classic case of "Xu Ting case" to elicit the urgent need of the public for judicial justice, and summarizes the basic definition of the case guidance system and the difference between the case guidance system and the precedent system, and points out the difference between "case" and "case law". The system of case guidance is different from the system of case law, which exists as a method of application of law. The second chapter is the rationality analysis of case guidance system. This paper analyzes that the case guidance system is playing the role of soft law in the socialist society with Chinese characteristics, which is conducive to judicial practice and the protection of private rights, and from these three points, demonstrates the rationality of the existence of the case guidance system. The third chapter dialectically orientates the position of the case guidance system in the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The existence of case guidance system is in accordance with the historical development, the legal provisions and the legal theory. The fourth chapter analyzes the current situation of case guidance system. This part discusses some worries caused by the case-guiding system in social practice, that is, the shortcomings. The fifth chapter puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the case guidance system, and expounds the ways to perfect it from the aspects of changing the concept and the practical mechanism. In short, the case guidance system is of great significance to judicial activities. Due to the ambiguity of legal position of instructive cases and the legal thinking mode of statutory law formed by judges in our country for a long time, it still takes time to give full play to the function of instructive cases. Nevertheless, it is still worth looking forward to the case-guiding system in our country's judicial practice to write down a brilliant stroke.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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