论绩效考核对检察权行使的影响

发布时间：2018-08-16 09:38

【摘要】：检察权的正确、高效行使不仅关系到犯罪嫌疑人和被害人权利的保护,更直接影响了司法的公正与否,从而影响和谐社会公平正义目标的实现。检察权的各项制度设置都应当在确保司法公正的前提下,才能进一步考虑如何促进工作效率的提高。然而,当前的检察院绩效考核制度却因为过于注重促进检察工作效率的提高而忽视了其可能对检察权公正行使的影响,从而带来了检察权实际行使中的一系列问题,包括加剧了“流水作业”模式的负面影响、导致检察院反复撤诉、忽视人权保障、忽视正当程序等等。本文以检察院绩效考核制度为切入点,以其对检察权行使的影响为视角,重点研究了绩效考核制度对检察权行使的消极影响,并且对该制度的完善提出了一些建议。全文共分四个部分：第一部分主要介绍了绩效和绩效考核的概念、绩效考核制度在我国检察院建立的过程,以及在我国检察院建立绩效考核制度的必要性和必然性。绩效作为现代管理学上的概念,兼具考察员工工作结果与工作过程的双重意义,而检察工作作为一种国家追诉犯罪、法律监督的脑力劳动,既追求实体的结果,也注重程序的合理和合法,因此检察院的绩效考核必然不能完全以结果为依据,甚至在当下中国的法治环境中更应当向维护正当程序的角度适度倾斜。第二部分通过对现行法律法规关于检察院绩效考核制度的规定以及笔者对南京市某基层检察院内部考核规定的实证考察,发现在检察院绩效考核的各项规定中明显缺失了对考核目的的规定,这直接导致了考核方向的偏离。另外,过于细致、量化和不合理的考核标准以及标准中对正当程序的忽视,都对检察权的行使产生了深刻的影响。第三部分着重分析了绩效考核对检察权行使的影响。考核目的的模糊加剧了公检法“流水作业”的刑事诉讼结构,对无罪率的高度重视导致检察机关为了达到降低无罪率的目的而与法院“协商办案”,或者不断地撤诉再起诉,以此增加胜诉率,但结果却是犯罪嫌疑人的权利被无情地践踏,同时过于强调对于加重刑罚的法律监督,也导致了对人权保障的忽视。而对程序的忽视一方面反映出检察工作“重实体、轻程序”的思想根深蒂固,另一方面也从操作层面更架空了正当程序的规定。第四部分针对前文所分析的绩效考核对检察权行使的负面影响,提出了完善该制度的一些措施。主要包括明确目的、完善考核方式、科学设置考核标准、增加以保障人权为目的的法律监督,以及增加对程序考核的重视等等。但是需要强调的是,绩效考核作为一种检察院内部的考核规范,其对检察权产生重大影响一方面是因为其自身作为价值导向的作用,另一方面也是因为包括权力配置在内的整体制度设置的不科学而导致的,因此绩效考核的改革并不能从根本上改变上述问题,而更需要整体制度的完善。
[Abstract]:The correct and efficient exercise of procuratorial power is not only related to the protection of the rights of criminal suspects and victims, but also directly affects the fairness of justice, thus affecting the realization of the goal of fair and just in a harmonious society. However, the current performance appraisal system of the procuratorate has overlooked its possible impacts on the fair exercise of procuratorial power because of its excessive emphasis on promoting the efficiency of procuratorial work, thus bringing about a series of problems in the actual exercise of procuratorial power, including intensifying the negative impact of the "flow operation" model, leading to repeated withdrawal of the procuratorate. This article takes the performance appraisal system of the procuratorate as the breakthrough point, and its impact on the exercise of procuratorial power as the perspective, focusing on the negative impact of the performance appraisal system on the exercise of procuratorial power, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the system.
The full text is divided into four parts.
The first part mainly introduces the concepts of performance and performance appraisal, the process of establishing performance appraisal system in our procuratorates, and the necessity and necessity of establishing performance appraisal system in our procuratorates. As a state prosecuting crime, the mental labor of legal supervision not only pursues the result of entity, but also pays attention to the reasonableness and legality of procedure. Therefore, the performance appraisal of the procuratorate must not be based on the result completely, even in the current legal environment in China, it should be inclined to the angle of maintaining due process.
In the second part, through the empirical investigation of the current laws and regulations on the performance appraisal system of the procuratorate and the author's internal appraisal provisions of a grass-roots Procuratorate in Nanjing, it is found that the provisions of the performance appraisal of the Procuratorate are obviously missing the purpose of the appraisal, which directly leads to the deviation of the appraisal direction. Detailed, quantitative and unreasonable assessment standards and the neglect of due process in the standards have a profound impact on the exercise of procuratorial power.
The third part focuses on the analysis of the impact of performance appraisal on the exercise of procuratorial power.The vague purpose of appraisal aggravates the structure of criminal proceedings in the public procuratorial law and attaches great importance to the innocence rate, which leads the procuratorial organs to negotiate with the court to deal with cases in order to reduce the innocence rate, or to withdraw and prosecute repeatedly, so as to increase the innocence rate. But the result is that the rights of criminal suspects are ruthlessly trampled on and the legal supervision of aggravated penalties is overemphasized, which leads to the neglect of human rights protection. The provisions of due process.
In the fourth part, aiming at the negative influence of the performance appraisal on the exercise of procuratorial power, the author puts forward some measures to improve the system, including defining the purpose, perfecting the appraisal method, setting the appraisal standard scientifically, increasing the legal supervision for the purpose of protecting human rights, and attaching more importance to the procedural appraisal. However, performance appraisal, as an internal appraisal standard of procuratorates, has a significant impact on procuratorial power. On the one hand, it is due to its value-oriented role, on the other hand, it is also due to the unscientific setting of the overall system, including the allocation of power. Therefore, the reform of performance appraisal can not be fundamentally changed. The above problems need the perfection of the whole system.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.3

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