论裁判文书公开

发布时间：2018-09-01 09:46

【摘要】：裁判文书是法院依据案件事实和法律所作出的具有法律约束力的书面结论，是法院对某一案件行使审判权的结果，也是国家意志的体现。随着司法改革力度的加大，裁判文书改革进一步完善；在新司法理念的指引和审判公开的推进，裁判文书公开及裁判文书上网这一新举措引起理论界和实务界的关注，最高人民法院和各级地方人民法院也如火如荼地进行裁判文书公开。裁判文书公开方兴未艾的同时也存在一些问题，为了更好地发挥裁判文书公开的作用，本文运用分析和理论联系实际的方法，来论证我国裁判文书公开的有关问题，完善裁判文书公开以期真正实现审判公开，本文先从裁判文书的作用和存在的问题，引出裁判文书公开这一制度，分析裁判文书公开的性质、理论依据和国际准则、裁判文书公开的现实意义，然后分析我国裁判文书公开现状和特点以及裁判文书公开存在的主要问题，再提出完善我国裁判文书公开的措施。全文除引言和结语外共有四个部分，约二万三千字，主要内容如下：第一部分、裁判文书公开的概述。文章认为：裁判文书的本质是国家行使裁判权，对具体案件的实体或程序问题作出具有法律效力的权威性书面结论。裁判文书的制作是人民法院审判活动的一个组成部分,裁判文书作为审判活动的载体，必然承载着审判公开的责任，因此裁判文书公开是公开审理案件的延续，是审判公开的必不可少的环节。知情权是公民的一项基本权利，其中重点包括司法知情权，裁判文书反映了大量司法信息，是传递司法信息重要形式之一。同时裁判文书公开体现了司法公开的国际准则，特别是WTO司法透明的国际准则要求各成员国公开法律、法规及有关规定；公布成员方政府与其他政府及机构之间签订的双边或多边协议以及有关贸易仲裁裁决、司法判决。裁判文书公开将裁判文书置于阳光之下接受到社会各方面的监督，能够遏制司法腐败，促进了案例指导制度，推进了法官职业化的进程和起到法律宣传的效果。第二部分、我国裁判文书公开的现状和特点。从我国裁判文书公开的社会背景来看，裁判文书公开是司法改革的新举措，最高人民法院在司法改革的进程中不断完善裁判文书管理和公开。从最高人民法院2009年12月发布了《关于司法公开的六项规定》到2010年11月最高人民法院制定了《关于人民法院在互联网公布裁判文书的规定》并在全国确定了100个法院为司法公开示范法院这些促使这裁判文书公开更加制度化、规范化。从我国裁判文书公开的特点来看，公开的主体是各级人民法院；公开的范围主要是公开审理的案件为主，公开的内容包括裁判理由、裁判的法律依据、裁判结果和向当事人及公众公开；公开的方式以网络为主，，以法院内刊和报纸、电视栏目等媒体为辅。第三部分、我国裁判文书公开存在的问题。首先是我国裁判文书自身存在写作专业术语过强、文书“过简”和“过繁”、说理不充分问题，影响裁判文书公开的效果。其次是立法层面上，我国裁判文书公开无系统的法律规定，裁判文书公开尚未正式写入我国的基本法律中。目前针对裁判文书公开本身，主要是最高人民法院的司法解释和内部规定，以及各地方法院自己制定的裁判文书上网公开的规定，这造成我国裁判文书公开“各自为政”局面。再次是裁判文书公开查询机制和监督机制未建立，我国还没有形成裁判文书向社会公开的统一的制度或做法，完善的公众查阅裁判文书的制度还没有建立。在司法实践中，绝大多数法院的做法都是不允许当事人及其辩护人以外的其他人员或组织查阅裁判文书。第四部分、完善我国裁判文书公开的措施。完善裁判文书公开的措施要结合我国裁判文书公开的实际情况和特点针对裁判文书存在的问题而提出，这样才能做到有的放矢。第一、提高法官队伍的整体素质，裁判文书质量的高低很重要的一点要取决于法官的自身素质。第二、建立一个统一的裁判文书查询网站，将所有裁判文书收归其中统一公开的范围、方式、程序，这样使其公开更加系统化。第三、完善对裁判文书公开的追责与监督机制，建立裁判文书评查机制和裁判文书差错责任追究机制，同时对裁判文书公开的执行情况建立内外部监督机制。第四、构建裁判文书公开的反馈机制和完善判后答疑制度，各级法院在做好裁判文书公开工作的同时建立反馈机制和判后答疑制度可以防止矛盾激化,更好地落实司法为民,更好地维护社会稳定。
[Abstract]:Judicial document is a legally binding written conclusion made by the court on the basis of the facts and laws of a case, the result of the court's exercise of jurisdiction over a case, and the embodiment of the will of the state. The new measure of making the judgment documents public and the judgment documents online has aroused the attention of the theoretical and practical circles. The Supreme People's Court and the local people's courts at all levels have also made the judgment documents public in full swing. Analyzing and integrating theory with practice, this paper demonstrates the related problems of the publicity of the judicial documents in China, and perfects the publicity of the judicial documents in order to realize the real publicity of the trial. First, this paper introduces the system of the publicity of the judicial documents from the function and the existing problems of the judicial documents, and analyzes the nature of the publicity of the judicial documents, the theoretical basis and the international standards. The practical significance of the publicity of documents, and then analyzes the status quo and characteristics of the publicity of judicial documents and the main problems of the publicity of judicial documents, and then puts forward measures to improve the publicity of judicial documents.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are four parts, about twenty-three thousand words.
The article holds that the essence of judicial documents is that the State exercises its jurisdiction and makes authoritative written conclusions with legal effect on the substantive or procedural issues of specific cases. The right to know is one of the basic rights of citizens, including the right to know. The judicial documents reflect a large amount of judicial information and are one of the important forms of transmitting judicial information. The document publicly embodies the international norms of judicial openness, especially the WTO international norms of judicial transparency, which require Member States to disclose laws, regulations and relevant provisions; publicize bilateral or multilateral agreements signed between member governments and other governments and institutions, as well as relevant trade arbitration awards and judicial decisions; and publicize the adjudication documents. Putting the book under the sun and being supervised by all sectors of society can curb judicial corruption, promote the case guidance system, promote the process of professionalization of judges and play the role of legal propaganda.
The second part is about the present situation and characteristics of the publicity of judicial documents in China.From the social background of the publicity of judicial documents in China,the publicity of judicial documents is a new measure of judicial reform.The Supreme People's Court has continuously improved the management and publicity of judicial documents in the process of judicial reform. By November 2010, the Supreme People's Court had formulated the Provisions on the Publication of Judgment Documents by the People's Court on the Internet, and established 100 courts in the country as model courts for judicial openness, which made the publication of the judgment documents more institutionalized and standardized. People's courts at all levels; the scope of public hearing is mainly open cases, open content includes the reasons for the judgment, the legal basis for the judgment, the results of the judgment and to the parties and the public; open way to the Internet-based, supplemented by the courts and newspapers, television columns and other media.
The third part is about the problems in the publicity of judicial documents in China. First, there are some problems in the publicity of judicial documents, such as the strong professional terminology, the simplicity and complexity of the documents, the inadequate reasoning, which affect the effect of the publicity of judicial documents. It has not yet been formally written into the basic law of our country. At present, the disclosure of the judicial documents itself, mainly the judicial interpretation and internal provisions of the Supreme People's Court, as well as the local courts'own provisions on the online disclosure of the judicial documents, has caused the situation that the judicial documents of our country are open to the public and "do things separately". In judicial practice, most courts do not allow the parties and other persons or organizations other than their defenders to consult the judicial documents.
The fourth part is the measures to improve the publicity of the judicial documents in our country. The measures to improve the publicity of the judicial documents should be put forward according to the actual situation and characteristics of the publicity of the judicial documents in our country. Only in this way can we have a definite aim. First, to improve the overall quality of the judges, the quality of the judicial documents is very important. One thing depends on the judge's own quality. Second, establish a unified inquiry website for refereeing documents, including all the refereeing documents into the scope of unified publicity, methods, procedures, so that it is more systematic. Third, improve the accountability and supervision mechanism for the publicity of refereeing documents, establish a review mechanism for refereeing documents and refereeing documents. Fourthly, the feedback mechanism and the post-judgment question-answering system should be constructed, and the feedback mechanism and the post-judgment question-answering system should be perfected. At the same time, the courts at all levels should establish the feedback mechanism and the post-judgment question-answering system to prevent contradictions from intensifying and better. The implementation of justice for the people and better maintenance of social stability.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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