能动司法的价值分析和实践进路探讨

发布时间：2018-12-08 17:29

【摘要】：当前,我国进入了能动司法发展的关键时期。最高人民法院院长王胜俊提出,各级人民法院必须充分发挥能动司法的作用,为经济社会发展提供有力的司法保障。这一讲话推动了我国法学界和司法实务界对能动司法的研究,大有如火如茶之势。能动司法是肇始于美国的一种司法理念或者说是司法哲学,在西方有着悠久的司法能动主义的历史,现在国内外学术界对司法能动主义的研究成果也日益丰硕,但是对于何谓能动司法仍然没有一个统一的界定,出现百家争鸣各说各话的局面。笔者认为,在我国,能动司法是司法机关的一种司法理念或司法哲学,它要求司法机关在司法过程中秉承一定的法律价值,综合考虑社会、经济、政治各种因素,灵活地创造性地适用法律,化解社会纠纷,推动社会经济、政治、法律、文化等的变革与发展。由于我国的司法环境和宪政体制与西方国家有很大不同,故而我国的能动司法和西方的司法能动主义在适用主体、适用范围、适用方式上、基本特征上和历史背景上都有不同,有自己独特的语境和现实基础,法律的局限性、司法权属性的外在表现、社会现实以及司法改革等因素都需要和呼吁能动司法。在我国,能动司法得以存在并且生命力旺盛的原因之一便是因为其体现并维护着诸如正义、效率、秩序、人权等价值,并且具有达到法律效果与社会效果的统一、司法权威的塑造、积累立法和司法改革的经验和缓解社会矛盾的功效。尽管如此,国内外对于能动司法是优是劣的争论也一直没有停止过,为此,在我国必须谨慎适度能动司法,严守边界,理性实践。正如波斯纳把实用主义作为理解美国司法进路的一把钥匙一样,能动司法也是正确认识和理解我国司法乃至法治的一个重要视角,因为能动司法关涉到司法的一系列基本问题,正如沃尔夫所认为的：“可以把对司法机关现代角色的讨论归结为一个赞成或反对‘现代司法权’或者司法能动主义的问题。”如果能理性分析能动司法的相关问题,对我国司法及法治的认识必定大有裨益。因此,能动司法的相关研究有助于解开人们在司法及法治问题上的困惑,这一点,对于我国法治的走向与进程而言,无疑也是具有重要意义的。
[Abstract]:At present, our country has entered the key period of active judicial development. Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme people's Court, pointed out that people's courts at all levels must give full play to the role of active justice and provide strong judicial protection for economic and social development. This speech promoted the study of active judicature in the field of law and practice of our country. Active justice is a kind of judicial idea or judicial philosophy that originated from the United States. It has a long history of judicial activism in the West. However, there is still not a unified definition of what active justice is, and there is a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend with each other. The author thinks that in our country, active justice is a kind of judicial idea or judicial philosophy of the judicial organ, which requires the judicial organ to uphold certain legal value in the judicial process, and to consider all kinds of social, economic and political factors comprehensively. Apply the law flexibly and creatively, resolve social disputes, and promote the change and development of social economy, politics, law, culture and so on. Because the judicial environment and constitutional system of our country are very different from those of the western countries, the active judicature in our country and the judicial activism in the west are different in the subject, the scope, the way of application, the basic characteristics and the historical background. It has its own unique context and realistic foundation, the limitation of law, the external expression of judicial power attribute, social reality and judicial reform and so on. In our country, one of the reasons why active justice exists and is vigorous is that it embodies and maintains the values such as justice, efficiency, order, human rights, and has the unity of legal effect and social effect. The creation of judicial authority, the accumulation of legislative and judicial reform experience and ease the effectiveness of social contradictions. In spite of this, the domestic and foreign debate on whether active justice is good or bad has never stopped. Therefore, in our country, we must be cautious and moderate active justice, strictly observe the boundary, rational practice. Just as Posner regards pragmatism as a key to understanding the path of American justice, active justice is also an important angle of view to correctly understand and understand our country's justice and even the rule of law, because it involves a series of basic issues of justice. As Wolff puts it: "the discussion of the modern role of the judiciary can be reduced to a question of favour or opposition to 'modern jurisdiction' or judicial activism." If we can rationally analyze the related problems of active judicature, it will be of great benefit to the understanding of judicature and the rule of law in our country. Therefore, the research on the active judicature is helpful to solve the confusion of people in the judicial and legal issues, which is undoubtedly of great significance to the trend and process of the rule of law in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926

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