论我国多元化纠纷解决机制中的社区法官

发布时间：2019-04-07 15:39

【摘要】：正处于社会转型期的我国，面临着社会结构的变动、利益格局的变革、经济体制的改革以及思想观念的变化，伴随而来的各种矛盾纠纷不断涌现，作为纠纷解决最重要一环的人民法院，，纠纷剧增是不得不应对的问题。要解决基层法院的诉讼爆炸问题，从社会的最基础单位——社区进行研究就显得尤为必要。社区作为基本的社会组织单位，只有使其拥有良好的秩序才能保证社会的和谐。然而，社区人口结构性变化、人口老龄化趋势明显以及流动人口不断增多等都加剧形成了不同的利益关系，导致社区矛盾呈现多样化和复杂化，社区业主和物业公司的矛盾、社区居民和社区单位的矛盾以及社区居民之间的矛盾，这些纠纷都已经超出了过去家庭纠纷、邻里纠纷的范围，因此，传统比较单一的纠纷解决方式无法达到治理社区的理想效果。在当前“诉讼调解适度社会化”的影响下，社区居民不仅要求司法恪守中立还期待能够案结事了，希望司法能够贴近群众，更加主动地满足社区群众的司法需求。我国许多基层法院为了更好的解决社区纠纷和矛盾，创新社会管理机制，纷纷设立了“社区法官”的类似模式和工作机制。本文运用比较法、调查法、文献资料法通过对当前实践中社区法官理论与实践进行研究、考察，以确定社区法官这一模式可否在全国推广。全文共分为五章。第一章是社区法官概述。本章由上海市杨浦区“社区法官”的模式引出，之后对社区法官进行界定，在此基础上分析出了社区法官模式的构成，最后对社区法官设立的现实意义进行了阐述。第二章是社区法官与国外相关制度的比较研究。本章通过将社区法官与英国、美国、加拿大和法国的“治安法官”制度进行比较，分析出社区法官模式和治安法官制度的相同点以及不同点，从而令我国社区法官有所借鉴。第三章是社区法官模式的价值分析。本章首先对社区纠纷的概念、特征和解决方式进行了阐述，接着介绍了社区法官在解决社区纠纷过程中所发挥的作用，最后将社区法官与传统纠纷解决方式作比较，对其体现的优势进行了分析和归纳。第四章是社区法官模式的普适性分析。本章从社区法官模式推广的必要性开始进行分析，然后是社区法官模式推广的可行性，分别从社区法官的选任空间、组织保障及群众认可度高来证明其可行性。第五章是社区法官模式的制度构建。本章通过模式的适用范围、机构与人员设置以及工作管理三方面对社区法官模式进行了进一步的改造。本文力图为构建一个新型的社区纠纷解决机制而献言献策。以司法为民为理念，将部分司法资源下沉与社区，并且将社区和法院的职能部门之间进行衔接，使得社区形成了一个多元化的预防和化解社会矛盾的工作平台，将社区矛盾和纠纷化解于萌芽状态。然而，当前此类模式还处于起步阶段，存在许多不尽如人意的地方，还需要不断改进。和谐社会并不是没有矛盾的社会，但能及时化解纠纷才能促进社会的和谐，因此，建立有效的纠纷解决机制，对于构建和谐社会至关重要。社区法官模式的探索，仅仅是一个开始，相对于构建和谐社会的重大目标来说，只是一个很小的课题。
[Abstract]:The people's court, which is in the transition of the society, is facing the changes of the social structure, the change of the pattern of interests, the reform of the economic system and the change of the ideas, and the various contradictions and disputes that come together are emerging, and the people's court, which is the most important part of the dispute settlement, The rise in the dispute is a problem that has to be addressed. In order to solve the problem of litigation and explosion of the grass-roots court, the research on the most basic unit _ community of the society is especially necessary The community, as a basic social organization, can only ensure that it has a good order in order to guarantee the social and However, that structural change of the community, the trend of population aging and the increase of the floating population increase the formation of different interests, which result in the diversity and complication of the community conflict, and the spears of the community owners and the property company. The contradiction between the shield, the community residents and the community unit and the contradiction between the residents of the community, all of which have gone beyond the scope of the past family dispute and the adjacent dispute, so the traditional way of dispute settlement can not reach the ideal effect of the governance community Under the influence of the current "moderate socialization of litigation mediation", the residents of the community not only ask the judicial to abide by the neutrality but also expect to be able to do the matter, and hope that the justice can be close to the masses and more actively meet the divisions of the community In order to better solve the community disputes and contradictions and to innovate the social management mechanism, many grass-roots courts in our country have set up similar models and tools for the "community judge" This paper makes a study on the theory and practice of community judges in the current practice by means of comparative law, investigation and literature. The full text is divided into two categories: It's five chapters. The first chapter is the club. This chapter is led by the model of the "community judge" of Yangpu District, Shanghai, and then defines the community judges. On the basis of this, the composition of the community judge model is analyzed, and the reality of the establishment of the community judge is the last. The second chapter is the community judge and the foreign country. In this chapter, by comparing the community judges with the "magistrate" system of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and France, the similarities and differences between the community judge model and the magistrates' system are analyzed. It is a reference for the community judges of our country. In this chapter, the concept, character and solution of community dispute are discussed, and then the role of community judge in solving the community dispute is introduced, and the community judge is compared with the traditional dispute settlement method. The advantages of the present invention are analyzed and summarized. The fourth chapter is the universal analysis of the community judge's model. This chapter starts with the necessity of the promotion of the community judge model, and then the feasibility of the community judge's mode extension, from the selection space of the community judge, respectively. And the quality of the organization and the recognition of the masses can be proved to be high. The fifth chapter is the system construction of the community judge model. The three aspects of the work management have further reform of the community judge model. In this paper, we try to make a contribution to the construction of a new settlement mechanism of community dispute. Taking the justice for the people as the concept, it will sink some of the judicial resources and the community, and link between the community and the functional department of the court, so that the community has formed a diversified prevention and resolution. The work platform of social contradictions and the conflict of the community and the dispute are dissolved in the bud. However, the current model is still in the state of being In the start-up stage, there are many unsatisfactory places, and there is a need for continuous improvement. The harmonious society is not a conflict-free society, but the disputes can be resolved in time to promote the harmony of the society. The establishment of an effective dispute settlement mechanism is of great importance to the construction of a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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