刑事审判伦理研究

发布时间：2019-06-22 19:38

【摘要】：建设社会主义法治国家是我们党和政府的战略决策,是国家长治久安的根本保障。作为司法制度的重要组成部分,刑事审判制度对于我国社会主义法治国家建设具有重要促进作用。正义是刑事审判制度追求的价值目标,也是刑事审判制度生命力的源泉。为实现司法正义,在1997年至2012年党的四次全国代表大会上,司法改革都是大会的重要议程,党对司法改革的指导方针均被写入党代会报告。为贯彻党中央司法改革精神,最高人民法院先后于1999年10月20日,2005年10月26日,2009年3月17日发布了三个《人民法院五年改革纲要》,明确了人民法院刑事审判改革的目标是通过改革,消除阻碍人民法院独立行使刑事审判权的体制和机制障碍,理顺人民法院与刑事司法中其他国家机关之间的关系,合理配置人民法院内部的职权,规范法官的刑事审判行为,实现刑事审判程序正义与实体正义,提高刑事审判效率,维护刑事审判权威。概而言之,就是通过改革,使我国刑事审判制度更加符合伦理精神,更能满足民众对司法的道德需求,更加彰显人权保障观念,更能实现司法正义,更加具有生命力。本论文试图从伦理的视角,运用伦理学理论与方法,反思我国刑事审判制度和刑事审判实践,为我国刑事审判制度的立法完善提供伦理价值标准,为解决实践中存在的审判不公问题提出伦理对策。论文共分为六章：第一章：导论。从社会主义法治国家建设、司法制度改革、解决刑事审判实践中突出的司法不公问题三个方面,阐释本论文选题的缘由及研究的理论意义与实践意义;介绍国内外刑事审判伦理研究的现状,在对国内外刑事审判伦理研究成果进行梳理的基础上,指出理论界在刑事审判伦理研究方面存在的不足；提出论文的三个创新点：本论文是国内第一篇研究刑事审判伦理的博士论文；本论文对法律与道德的关系提出了新见解；对审判权与当事人在解决刑事纠纷中的地位及历史趋势提出了新的观点；最后,介绍本论文的研究方法。第二章：刑事审判伦理及其特征与功能。主要阐释刑事审判伦理的涵义,刑事审判伦理的特征,刑事审判伦理的功能。认为,刑事审判伦理是国家制定刑事审判法律制度,法院行使刑事审判权,法官从事刑事审判行为应当遵循的伦理道德规范,是人们评价判断一项刑事审判法律制度和法官刑事审判行为是否正当合理的价值标准；刑事审判伦理具有阶级性、历史性、调整对象的多样性、形式的规范性与非规范性、实施方式的他律性与自律性等特点；刑事审判伦理具有指引功能、评价功能、调节功能和示范功能。第三章：刑事审判制度的伦理基础。从道德与法律的关系入手,介绍中国古代儒家、西方自然法学派与实证法学派关于法律与道德关系的各种理论学说；通过考察道德与法律产生、发展的历史过程,指出道德是法律的母体,法律来源于道德；法律与道德的关系是规范与价值的关系,价值具有本源性、先在性;道德是法律的精神支柱,法律是道德的政治支柱,任何法律都内含人类伦理精神,司法判决既是法律判决,更是对道德的确证,对法官判决服从的本质是对法律内在道德的服从;刑事审判的过程与结果要获得当事人和社会的普遍尊重,它就必须具备伦理上的正义性,正义是刑事审判的伦理依据。第四章：刑事审判伦理：程序正义。以厘清程序、法律程序、刑事审判程序的含义为起点,阐述刑事审判程序具有防止法官恣意审判行为,保证法官理性认识,阻隔外来因素妨碍刑事审判,提高刑事审判解决纠纷效率的作用;介绍自然主义刑事审判程序正义观、英美法系国家的刑事审判程序正义观、罗尔斯的刑事审判程序正义观；重点阐释并论述了刑事审判程序正义的六项标准;最后,分析刑事审判程序正义的意义。第五章：刑事审判伦理：实体正义。阐释刑事审判实体正义的含义,确定刑事审判实体正义的判断标准；分析实现刑事审判实体正义的条件以及影响刑事审判实体正义实现的主要因素；界定审判实践中“刑事错案”的含义、范围；分析刑事错案的危害以及导致刑事错案的原因；提出预防刑事错案的伦理对策与法律措施。第六章：刑事和解的伦理维度。内容包括：界定刑事和解的概念,阐述刑事和解的理论基础；分析刑事和解的伦理价值；剖析刑事和解的道德风险：提出预防刑事和解风险的道德措施与法律对策。
[Abstract]:The building of the socialist country of law is the strategic decision of our Party and the government, and is the fundamental guarantee for the long-term stability of the country. As an important part of the judicial system, the criminal justice system plays an important role in the construction of the country's socialist rule of law. Justice is the value goal pursued by the criminal justice system, and it is also the source of the vitality of the criminal justice system In order to realize the justice of justice, at the four national congress of the Party in 1997 and 2012, the judicial reform is the important agenda of the General Assembly, and the Party's guidelines on the reform of the judiciary are written to the party congress. In order to carry out the spirit of the Party Central Committee's judicial reform, the Supreme People's Court has issued three five-year reform outline for the people's court on October 20,1999, October 26,2005 and March 17,2009, and it is clear that the objective of the reform of the people's court's criminal trial is to adopt the reform To eliminate the institutional and institutional obstacles to the independent exercise of the jurisdiction of the people's court, to straighten out the relationship between the people's court and other state organs in the criminal justice, to reasonably allocate the powers of the people's court and to regulate the criminal trial line of the judge In order to realize the justice of the criminal trial procedure and the justice of the entity, to improve the efficiency of the criminal trial and to safeguard the jurisdiction of the criminal court In general, it is through the reform that the criminal justice system of our country is more in line with the ethical spirit, it can meet the moral needs of the people to the justice, and the human rights protection idea is more obvious, the judicial justice can be more realized, and the life is more This paper tries to use the theory and method of ethics from the perspective of ethics, to reflect on our criminal justice system and the practice of criminal trial, to provide the standard of the ethical value for the perfection of the criminal justice system in our country, and to put forward the ethics for solving the unfair problems in the practice. The paper is divided into two groups: For six chapters: Chapter: Introduction. Three aspects of the construction of the socialist rule of law, the reform of the judicial system, the solution of the problems of the justice in the practice of the criminal trial, the reasons for the selection of the thesis and the theoretical and practical significance of the study, and the ethics of the criminal trial at home and abroad are introduced. The present situation of the study, on the basis of combing the research results of the criminal trial ethics at home and abroad, points out the shortcomings of the theoretical circle in the study of the ethics of the criminal trial, and puts forward three new points of the thesis: this paper is the first article in the country to study the ethics of the criminal trial. This paper puts forward a new view on the relationship between the law and the morality, and puts forward a new point of view on the position and the historical trend of the parties in the resolution of the criminal disputes; and finally, the present paper is introduced. The second chapter: the ethics of the criminal trial It mainly explains the meaning of the ethics of the criminal trial, the characteristics of the ethics of the criminal trial and the criminal law. The function of the trial ethics is that the ethics of the criminal trial is the legal system for the national development of the criminal trial, the court exercises the jurisdiction of the criminal trial, and the judge's conduct in the criminal trial should be followed. The ethical and moral standard is the value standard for people to judge whether a criminal trial legal system and a judge's criminal trial conduct are justified and reasonable; the criminal trial ethics has class, history, and adjustment of the diversity and the form of the object The characteristics of self-discipline and self-discipline in the form of non-standard and non-standard; the ethics of criminal trial has the function of guiding, evaluating function and adjusting Function and demonstration functions. Chapter III: Criminal The ethical basis of the trial system. Starting with the relation between the morality and the law, the paper introduces the various theories about the relationship between the law and the moral of the ancient Chinese Confucian, the Western natural law school and the positivist school, and through the investigation of the historical process of the production and development of the morality and the law, it is pointed out that the morality is the mother of the law The relationship between the law and the morality is the relation between the norms and the value, the value is of the origin and the first, the morality is the spiritual pillar of the law, the law is the moral political pillar, and any law contains the moral spirit of the human, and the judicial judgment is both the legal judgment and the judicial decision. The essence of the judgment of the judge is to obey the inner morality of the law, and the process and result of the criminal trial should be the universal respect of the parties and the society, and it must have the justice of the ethics and the justice is The ethical basis of criminal trial. Criminal trial ethics: procedural justice. In order to clarify the meaning of the procedure, the legal procedure and the criminal trial procedure, the author states that the criminal trial procedure has the advantages of preventing the judge from carrying out the trial conduct, ensuring the rational understanding of the judge, preventing the foreign factors from interfering with the criminal trial, and improving the criminal procedure. The purpose of the trial to resolve the efficiency of the dispute is to introduce the concept of justice in the criminal trial procedure of naturalism, the justice of the criminal trial procedure in the common law system, the view of the justice of the criminal trial procedure of Rawls, and the six criteria for the justice of the criminal trial procedure; and finally, the analysis. The Significance of the Justice of the Criminal Procedure Law Chapter: Criminal trial ethics: the entity justice. The meaning of the justice of the criminal trial entity is explained, the judgment standard of the justice of the criminal trial entity is determined, the conditions for realizing the justice of the criminal trial entity and the main factors that influence the realization of the justice of the criminal trial entity are analyzed, and the "trunk>" terminal case in the trial practice is defined. The meaning and scope of "; analysis of the harm of the criminal case and the cause of the criminal case; and put forward the prevention punishment." The ethical and legal measures of the wrong case. Chapter 6: The ethical dimension of the criminal reconciliation. The contents include the concept of defining the criminal reconciliation, the theoretical basis of the criminal reconciliation, the analysis of the ethical value of the criminal reconciliation, the analysis of the moral hazard of the criminal reconciliation:
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926

【参考文献】