股权质押法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 00:31

本文选题：股权 + 质权　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：所谓股权质押,指的是出质人以其所拥有的股权作为质押标的物而设立的质押,即债务人或者第三人以其所拥有的股权出质,作为债权的担保,当债务人不履行债务的时候,债权人有权以该股权变现所得价款优先受偿的一种担保方式。股权质押是企业融资的一种新兴手法,其特点是成本低,同其他担保手段相比更加快捷、便利。特别是对于中小型公司而言,股权质押的融资工具性价值更为企业提供了普通融资手段之外的一种选择。股权质押是一个较为复杂的问题。关于股权质押的法律规定往往涉及公司法、物权法、担保法以及其他相关部门的规定。就我国的立法而言,有关股权质押的规定就散见于担保法78条、担保法解释第103条、物权法226条、公司法第145条以及证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法等。现阶段就我国法律现阶段关于股权质押的规定而言,存在的问题是各个部门法的规定较为凌乱,相关部门关于股权质押受理权责不明。这一方面不利于我国中小企业股权质押融资的实现,另一方面也不利于我国社会主义法律体系的统一。为此,本文着重于梳理我国各个部门法关于股权质押的规定,就股权质押的若干法律问题进行研究。本文全文约三万字,总共分为五个部分。第一部分为股权质押制度的概述。本文首先从股权质押中股权的概念入手,分析了股权的概念,股权的法律特征以及股权性质的不同学说。依照股权的内容的不同,股权可以划分为自益权和共益权。其中,股权自益权中所包括的“分配股息红利请求权、分配公司剩余财产请求权,股权转让过户请求权”等权利与股权质押有着密切的联系。其次,就股权的性质学说而言笔者比较赞同股权社员权说。该学说可以较为圆满的阐释股权的性质,即股权是一种综合性的权利,既不是单纯的债权也不可以看做是绝对的物权。股权在体现财产性的同时又带有较强的社员权的性质。股权的财产性是股权质押的基础。第二部分为股权质押的设立。该部分主要对股权质押的标的,股权质押合同的效力以及股权质押的限制进行了探讨。首先,考虑到期望通过股权质押而获得融资的往往是中小企业,而中小企业一般以有限责任公司为主,具有较强的人合性和封闭性,所以笔者认为股权质押的标的应当是股权的自益权。其次,就股权质押合同的效力而言,笔者着重梳理担保法、担保法解释以及物权法中的相关规定,并强调了物权法纠正了担保法中关于质押合同生效和质权设立相混淆的错误。最后,笔者又对股权质押限制的问题进行阐述,并列举了几种典型股权质押限制的类型。第三部是股权质押的公示制度。该部分说明了股权质押公示的必要性,并就我国相关法律关于股权质押公示规定的变迁进行了梳理。主要的逻辑顺序是,首先从担保法78条以及担保法解释103条的规定到《证券登记结算管理办法》规定的转变,其次是从物权法226条的规定到国家工商总局颁布的《工商行政管理机关股权出质登记办法》规定的转变。最后就上市公司与非上市公司股权质押的公示和设定进行了阐述。第四部分考察了股权质押的效力的范围。主要涉及了股权质押所担保的债权的范围以及股权质押标的物的范围。主要考察了股权质押过程中关于债权损害赔偿金的问题以及股权质押期间所产生的孳息。第五部分为股权质押当事人的权利义务。该部分主要在股权质押效力的基础上就质权人的优先受偿全、转质权、孳息收取权、质权保全权、留置权以及与之相对应的义务进行阐述。同时就出质人是否享有表决权、新股优先认购权以及其相应的义务进行探讨。股权质押当事人的权利义务是股权质押制度的核心。该部分是在本文前述我国法律关于股权质押规定梳理的基础之上完成的。本文主要采用了规范分析法、比较分析法、逻辑分析法等研究方法。在我国各个部门法关于股权质押制度的规定较为凌乱和重叠的背景下,本文的创新之处在于尝试对担保法、公司法、物权法以及《工商行政管理机关股权出质登记办法》等法律法规定进行梳理,并较为全面的阐述我国现阶段法律关于股权质押制度的规定以及具体适用的依据和方法,藉此希望对我国股权质押制度理论以及实践的进一步探讨有所助益。
[Abstract]:Equity pledge is a kind of guarantee that the debtor or the third person has set up as the pledge subject matter , that is , the debtor or the third person takes the stock right as the pledge subject matter , as the guarantee of the creditor ' s rights . In the case of the debtor ' s non - performance of the debt , the creditor has the right to change the equity pledge .

In this paper , about 30,000 words are divided into five parts .

The first part is an overview of the stock rights pledge system . First , the paper starts with the concept of the equity in the stock right , analyzes the concept of the equity , the legal characteristics of the equity and the different theories of the property of the equity .

The second part is the establishment of the equity pledge . The part mainly discusses the subject of the stock pledge , the effect of the equity pledge contract and the limitation of the stock pledge . First , the author thinks that the subject of the stock pledge should be the self - interest of the equity .

The third part is the public announcement system of the stock pledge . This part describes the necessity of the public announcement of the equity pledge . The main logic sequence is that firstly , the transformation from Article 78 of the guarantee law and the interpretation of Article 103 to the regulation of the registration and settlement management of equity securities , followed by the transformation from the provisions of Article 226 of the Property Law to the Measures for the Registration of the Stock Right of the Administration of Industry and Commerce issued by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce . Finally , the publicity and setting of the stock rights pledge of listed companies and non - listed companies are expounded .

The fourth part examines the scope of the validity of the equity pledge . It mainly deals with the scope of the creditor ' s rights guaranteed by the equity pledge and the scope of the subject matter of the equity pledge .

The fifth part deals with the rights and obligations of the parties to the equity pledge . This part mainly discusses the priority of the pledgee on the basis of the effect of the stock rights pledge , the right to pledge , the right to collect the fruits , the right to pledge , the lien and the corresponding obligation . At the same time , the rights and obligations of the party concerned are the core of the stock pledge system .

This paper mainly adopts the methods of normative analysis , comparative analysis , logic analysis and so on . In the context of more disordered and overlapping provisions of various department law in our country about the system of stock pledge , the innovation of this paper is to try to comb the laws and regulations such as guarantee law , company law , property law and the method of registration of stock right of the administrative organ of industry and commerce , and make a comprehensive exposition of our country ' s current law on the regulation of the stock rights pledge system and the basis and method of specific application , thereby hoping to further explore the theory and practice of the stock pledge system in our country .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】