儿童发展权的国际法研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 09:08

本文选题：儿童发展权　切入点：人权　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：儿童是人类未来的希望和主人,对儿童的保护成为当今人类社会关心的焦点之一。儿童权利是儿童主体从事活动的基本权利,其中包括儿童发展权。儿童一直被视为社会的弱势群体之一,儿童权利被侵犯甚至被剥夺的事件时有发生,因此,有必要加强对儿童权利的保障,也就是在维护社会未来的希望和力量。其中,最有效最直接的保障方式就是通过立法,借助于国际社会、各国政府的强制性力量,这一点也是联合国《儿童权利公约》对缔约国的要求,更是儿童发展权进一步得以完善的法律后盾。换言之,要促进儿童发展权的发展和完善,应该而且必须通过法律条文的形式为缔约国设定保护儿童发展权的义务以及违反相关强制性规定应承担的法律责任,对忽视甚至故意违背强制性义务的社会组织、国家和个人严惩不贷。本文针对国际上儿童发展权的相关问题,以《儿童权利公约》的宗旨和精神为根本出发点,通过阐述儿童发展权的历史进程和概述性问题,并结合分析我国在保障儿童发展权立法方面存在的问题不足以及中国在该方面的现状,有针对性地提出完善相关不足的法律性意见和建议,以期对保障儿童发展权方面存在问题尽自己的绵薄之力,从而促进儿童发展权的完善。全文由序言、正文和结束语组成,其中正文又分为四大部分。第一部分主要阐述了儿童发展权的基本问题,既“儿童展权概述”,包括儿童发展权的概念、主体和实质。儿童群体本身的特殊性决定了在保护儿童发展权时要做到客观性、科学性和规范性。只有将对儿童发展权的全面认识与纷繁复杂的法律法规进行准确而细致地归纳概括,才能形成具有普适性的儿童发展权保护的实质和内容。第二部分是儿童发展权的主要内容,既儿童发展权这一抽象概念下的具体权利。该部分主要从儿童发展权的五个方面出发,具体阐述了各个权利的内容。第二部分是“国际法框架下的儿童发展权”。该部分从儿童发展权的国际法渊源的阐述出发,详细阐述了国际法范围内形成的保护儿童发展权的原则以及国家义务,从而做到有法可依,优化儿童发展的国际环境。第四部分详细说明了我国儿童发展权发展和保护的现状,侵害甚至剥夺儿童发展权的事件时有发生,儿童发展权保护不足的现状迫切需要。因此,完善立法等其他方面的保护措施十分必要。该部分通过指出目前我国在保护儿童发展权方面的问题和不足,有针对性地提出完善我国儿童发展权保护方面的意见建议。
[Abstract]:Children are the hope and master of the future of mankind. The protection of children has become one of the focal points of human society. The rights of children are the basic rights of children engaged in activities. Including the right to development of the child. Children have always been recognized as one of the most vulnerable groups in society, and violations and even deprivation of their rights have occurred from time to time, and there is a need to strengthen safeguards for the rights of the child, That is to say, the hope and power to safeguard the future of society. Among them, the most effective and direct way to safeguard the future of society is through legislation, with the help of the coercive power of the international community and the governments of all countries. This is also what the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires of States parties and is the legal backing for the further improvement of the right to development of the child. In other words, to promote the development and perfection of the child's right to development, The obligation of States parties to protect the right to development of children, as well as the legal liability for violations of relevant mandatory provisions, should and must be established in the form of legal provisions, with regard to social organizations that ignore or even deliberately violate mandatory obligations, According to the relevant problems of the right to development of children in the world, this paper takes the purpose and spirit of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the fundamental starting point, through the elaboration of the historical process and general problems of the right to development of the child, Combined with the analysis of the problems existing in the legislation of safeguarding the right to development of children in China and the current situation of China in this respect, the author puts forward legal suggestions and suggestions to improve the relevant deficiencies. With a view to contributing to the problems of safeguarding the right of the child to development, thereby contributing to the improvement of the child's right to development. The full text consists of the preamble, the text and the concluding remarks, The text is divided into four parts. The first part mainly describes the basic issues of the child's right to development, that is, "the overview of the child's right to development", including the concept of the child's right to development. Subject and substance. The particularity of the group of children itself determines objectivity in the protection of the child's right to development, Scientific and normative. Only a comprehensive understanding of the child's right to development and numerous and complex laws and regulations can be accurately and meticulously summarized, The second part is the main content of children's right to development. The specific right under the abstract concept of the right of the child to development, which is based mainly on five aspects of the right to development of the child, The second part is "the right of the child to development within the framework of international law", which begins with the elaboration of the sources of international law of the child's right to development, Elaborating in detail the principles and obligations of the State for the protection of the right to development of children developed within the framework of international law, so as to ensure that there are laws to be followed and to optimize the international environment for the development of children. Part 4th describes in detail the current situation of the development and protection of the right to development of children in China, Violations and even deprivation of children's right to development occur from time to time, and the current situation of inadequate protection of children's right to development is urgently needed... It is necessary to perfect the protection measures in other aspects such as legislation. By pointing out the problems and deficiencies in protecting children's right to development in our country at present, this part puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the protection of children's right to development in our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D998.2

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