论我国海洋权益的维护

发布时间：2018-04-05 19:20

本文选题：海洋法公约　切入点：海洋权益　出处：《河南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：联合国第三次海洋法会议通过、1994年11月16日开始生效的《联合国海洋法公约》,是调整、确立国际海洋的根本法律依据。它为沿海各国,特别是广大发展中国家维护国家安全和海洋权益提供了法律依据,也相应地扩大了国家主权。中国1996年批准了这一公约并根据这一公约制订了本国一系列海洋法律,确立了自己的专属经济区及其它海洋权利。然而,由于中国长期传统的国土观念以及海洋意识的缺失,造成了中国现今海洋权益日益受侵蚀的不利局面。在全球化的今天,随着中国的不断发展,中国的海外权益也不断地延伸,中国的海洋权益面临着巨大挑战。中国的海洋权益包括近海海洋权益和远洋海洋权益。近海海洋权益不仅受到中国周边国家的侵犯,也长久地受到域外霸权国家美国的不断挑衅。在远洋海洋权益的维护方面,中国一方面受困于海军力量的弱小,另一方面更受到海洋强国特别是美国的遏阻。在此种情况下,中国的海权维护可谓是任重而道远。中国必须以国际法为依据,坚持自己的海洋权益诉求,并应采取切实有力的措施加以维护,这是中国正当、合理的行为,同时应在国际法的基础上,同有关国家妥善解决海权纠纷,实现"和谐海洋"。这是中国和平发展的应有之意,也是中华民族伟大复兴的有益途径。然而,当今的现实世界中,国际社会虽有共同的国际规范和共同的运行机制,在一定程度上也可能就某些问题达成一致而实现某种程度上的国家间的和谐相处;但更多的现实情况是,由于国际规范如《联合国海洋法公约》在其制定过程中就是西方大国和广大落后弱小国家间的斗争和妥协的过程,从而使海洋法公约具有相当大的局限性;也由于现实世界中,各国国家之间确实存在着国家利益的冲突,仅仅依靠国际法去维护我国的海洋权益显然是不现实的,必须有强大的海军做后盾,我国的海洋权益才能得到保障。本文除引言和结语外,共分以下五个部分: 第一部分:我国海洋权益的内容及目前的维护措施。该部分首先概述了我国历史上长期对海洋权益意识缺失的基本成因,进而阐述了基于国际海洋法我国享有的近海海洋权益以及目前我国的近海海洋权益现状;其次,该部分概述了基于国际海洋法的我国的远洋海洋权益,以及我国国家海外利益的不断延伸和目前维护这些利益的困境,我国为维护我国的海洋权益所应采取的措施。第二部分:《联合国海洋法公约》的形成与中国的海洋主权。首先,该部分详细论述了《联合国海洋法公约》的形成、发展历程,从哥老休斯的海洋观到20世纪发展中国家为维护国家安全而展开的"200海里海洋权"斗争,再到联合国海洋法会议的召开以及《联合国海洋法公约》的最终通过及意义。其次,该部分论述了根据《联合国海洋法公约》的有关规定,我国为维护我国的海洋权益所采取的法律措施以及我国海洋权益的界定、我国由于长期海洋意识的缺失所导致的海洋权益困境。第三部分:我国近海海洋权益的现状与挑战。该部分首先分析了我国与周边国家如日本、韩国、东南亚所存在的海上纠纷以及纠纷的历史成因,其次,列举了我国与美国在中国近海的海上冲突以及中美冲突的三个典型事例。第四部分:我国维护海洋权益的国际法依据。该部分首先分析了我国与周边国家海上纠纷中,我国对争议海域的海权主张的国际法依据,从而论证了我国对争议海域拥有不可争辩的主权;其次,分析了对于中美海上冲突,我国对美国侵犯我国海洋主权所采取的反制行为是合法的、正当行为,美国的辩驳完全是站不住脚的、一种赤裸裸的霸权行径。第五部分:我国远洋海洋权益诉求的国际法法律依据。该部分首先分析了我国海外利益的现状,强调了我国维护这一利益的紧迫性。其次,通过对《联合国海洋法公约》的有关法律分析,阐述了我国进行海外维权的必要性和可行性以及其重大意义。
[Abstract]:The Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea, and came into effect in November 16, 1994 "United Nations Convention on the law of the sea", is to adjust, establish the basic legal basis of international marine. It is the coastal countries, especially developing countries to safeguard national security and maritime rights provide a legal basis, also expanded its national sovereignty. Chinese was approved in 1996 this Convention and on the basis of this Convention has developed a series of domestic marine law, established its own exclusive economic zone and other maritime rights. However, due to the long tradition of China land concept and the lack of marine consciousness, caused by Chinese nowadays marine rights increasingly unfavorable situation of erosion. In the era of globalization, with the continuous the development of Chinese, Chinese overseas interests are constantly extended, China marine rights and interests is facing a huge challenge. China marine rights and interests, including the coastal sea right Yi and ocean marine interests. Offshore marine interests not only a violation of Chinese neighboring countries, has long been the continuous provocation in the United States. In the country outside the hegemony of ocean marine rights maintenance, Chinese hand trapped in naval power of the weak, on the other hand, by sea power especially in the United States in the deterrent. Next, China sea power maintenance is go15. Chinese must be based on international law, adhere to the marine rights claims, and shall take effective measures to safeguard, it is reasonable for Chinese legitimate, should also be based on international law and the relevant countries to properly resolve disputes to the sea right, the realization of "harmonious ocean". This is China peaceful development should have meaning, is also a useful way to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
However, in the real world, the international community is a common international standard and common operation mechanism, but also may be some consensus and achieve harmony to some extent between countries to a certain extent; but the reality is more, due to the international norms such as "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. In the development process is the process of the Western powers and the backward weak countries between struggle and compromise, so that the Convention on the law of the sea has considerable limitations; but also because of the real world, the national conflict exists between the interests of the state, only rely on international law to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests is obviously not realistic, there must be a strong backing of the Navy, China's marine rights and interests can be guaranteed.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into the following five parts:
The first part: China's maritime rights and interests of the content and maintenance measures at present. The first part provides an overview of the history of our country's long-term basic causes of the lack of awareness of maritime rights and interests, and expounds the international law of the sea in China enjoy the offshore marine interests as well as the current status of China's offshore marine interests based on; secondly, this part summarizes the ocean marine rights and interests of our country based on international law of the sea, as well as overseas interests in our country continue to extend and maintain the interests of the present predicament, our country should be taken to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.
The second part: "the formation of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" and Chinese maritime sovereignty. Firstly, this part discusses the "form, the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" development course, from the old brother Hughes of ocean view to developing countries in twentieth Century and for the maintenance of national security "200 miles right of the sea" fight again through to the final and significance of UNCLOS held the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and < >. Secondly, this part discusses according to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea ", the definition of our country has taken to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests of the legal measures and China's maritime rights and interests, China because the marine rights dilemma long ocean awareness of missing caused.
The third part: the present situation and challenges of China's offshore marine interests. This part first analyzes China and neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, historical origin, the existence of maritime disputes and disputes. Secondly, the analysis of China and the United States in the three typical examples of maritime conflict China offshore and conflict between China and the United States.
The fourth part: China's international law basis for the maintenance of maritime rights and interests. The first part of the maritime dispute between China and neighboring countries, China's international law on the basis of the disputed waters of maritime claims, which proves that China has indisputable sovereignty over the disputed waters; secondly, analyzes the Sino US Maritime conflict in our country, is legal, to counter the American invasion of China Marine sovereignty taken proper behavior, the dispute is completely untenable, a naked hegemony.
The fifth part: ocean marine interests in China's international law basis. The first part analyzes the current situation of China's overseas interests, emphasizes the urgency of safeguarding China's interests. Secondly, through the relevant laws on "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" analysis, expounds the necessity and feasibility of overseas rights as well as its significance.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.5

【引证文献】