论格式条款歧义的解释规则

发布时间：2018-03-05 03:38

本文选题：格式合同　切入点：格式条款　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：格式合同（或称格式条款）是现代商品经济发展的产物。在现今的商品交易中，很多交易都会重复出现，格式合同使合作的效力成倍提高，广受社会欢迎从而促进了商品经济的发展。但格式合同在实际使用中也出现了很多的问题。由于格式合同是由一方事先拟定的，而该方是保有追逐利益本性的，在这一前提下制定出来的格式合同很难公平的兼顾到合同相对方的利益。因此，双方当事人经常会对格式合同歧义条款的解释产生争议。是按传统的解释歧义的方法，还是另辟蹊径，确定新的解释方法，成为解决格式合同歧义必须明确的大前提。我国在法律上虽有一些规制格式合同解释的相关规定，，但总的来说还不完善。鉴于此，本文以格式合同条款歧义解释为题，试结合新的社会现象，探讨如何规制格式条款的解释。本文第一章对格式合同的基本理论进行了概述。首先阐明了格式合同在不同法系、国家和地区有不同的称谓和概念以及其特征。其次对格式合同的起源进行了考察，介绍了格式合同的产生的背景、年代特征以及最早对其进行立法规制的情形。最后对格式合同与传统合同进行比较，分析格式合同给社会带来的利益和产生的弊端。本文第二章揭示了格式条款对传统条款歧义解释法的挑战所引发的问题。由于格式合同是经提供方深思熟虑之后完成的合同文本，因此在条款出现歧义时，如果只按目的解释、文义解释等传统合同的解释方法，必将使利益倒向提供格式条款的一方，从而导致合同当事人的利益失衡。这一部分通过对传统条款歧义解释规则展开论述，提出应当推出新的、继续保持公平的解释方法，来迎接格式条款对传统条款歧义解释法的挑战。第三章是对格式合同歧义条款解释的比较法研究。通过分析格式条款在解释规则上的特殊性，对大陆法系国家和英美法系国家关于格式条款歧义解释的立法与理论进行介绍。第四章是对我国立法与司法解释所确立的格式条款歧义解释规则的研究。我国《合同法》所规定的格式条款歧义的解释规则有三个层次：通常理解标准解释、对条款提供方作出不利解释与非格式条款效力优先原则。笔者根据以上三个原则对本文导言中提到的案例进行了分析。本文第五章对如何建立规制格式条款解释的合理模式提出了自己的看法。首先对确定格式合同解释的主体进行分析，提出了格式合同的解释主体应是当事人，法官永远是裁判主体而非合同解释的主体的观点。此外还探讨了应对不利原则的使用作出一些限制的问题，以避免格式合同负价值的出现，使格式合同在使用的过程中能够发挥其优势，克服其弊端。
[Abstract]:Format contracts (or format clauses) are the product of the development of the modern commodity economy. In today's commodity trading, many transactions are repeated, and format contracts multiply the effectiveness of cooperation. The popularity of the society has promoted the development of the commodity economy. However, there are many problems in the actual use of the format contract. Since the format contract is drawn up by one party in advance, and the other party has the nature of pursuing interests, Under this premise, it is very difficult for the contract in format to give equal consideration to the interests of the opposite party of the contract. Therefore, the parties often dispute the interpretation of the ambiguous clause of the format contract. It is a traditional method of interpretation of ambiguity. In order to solve the ambiguity of format contract, it is necessary to establish a new interpretation method. Although there are some relevant regulations governing the interpretation of format contract in our country, it is still not perfect in general. In this paper, we discuss how to regulate the interpretation of format clauses by combining the new social phenomena with the ambiguous interpretation of formal contract terms. The first chapter gives an overview of the basic theory of format contract. Firstly, it clarifies that format contract has different appellations, concepts and characteristics in different legal systems, countries and regions. Secondly, it investigates the origin of format contract. This paper introduces the background of the formation of the format contract, the characteristics of its age and the situation of its earliest legislative regulation. Finally, it compares the format contract with the traditional contract, and analyzes the benefits and disadvantages brought by the format contract to the society. The second chapter of this paper reveals the problems caused by the challenge of format clauses to the traditional ambiguous interpretation of clauses. Since the format contract is a contract text that has been completed after careful consideration by the provider, therefore, when the clause is ambiguous, If the interpretation of the traditional contract is based only on the purpose, the interpretation of the text and the meaning of the contract, the interests will be reversed to the party providing the terms of the form. This part discusses the interpretation rules of ambiguity of traditional clauses, and proposes that new and fair interpretation methods should be introduced. To meet the challenge of format clause to the traditional ambiguous interpretation of clauses. The third chapter is a comparative study on the interpretation of format contract ambiguity clause. By analyzing the particularity of format clause in interpretation rules, this chapter introduces the legislation and theory of format clause ambiguity interpretation in civil law countries and common law countries. Chapter 4th is a study of the rules of interpretation of the ambiguity of standard terms established by legislation and judicial interpretation in China. There are three levels of interpretation rules for ambiguity of format clauses stipulated in contract Law of China: generally understanding standard interpretation. The author analyzes the cases mentioned in the introduction according to the above three principles. In Chapter 5th, the author puts forward his own views on how to establish a reasonable mode of regulating the interpretation of format terms. Firstly, the author analyzes the subject of defining the interpretation of format contract, and points out that the subject of interpretation of format contract should be the party concerned. The view that the judge is always the subject of the judgment rather than the interpretation of the contract. In addition, some restrictions should be made on the use of the unfavorable principle in order to avoid the negative value of the formal contract. So that the format contract in the use of the process can play its advantages, overcome its drawbacks.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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