合理预见规则中的可预见性标准的研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:35

本文选题：合理预见　切入点：可预见性　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：可预见性的标准是合理预见规则理论构成的一部分,也是合理预见规则中最重要的部分。在违约事实成立的情况下,对于因违约所造成的直接损失和因违约导致的可得利益的损失,应不应该赔偿、如何赔偿是一个难题,而解决这一问题的途径就是通过判断可预见性的标准得出最终的结论。可预见性的标准通常以客观标准或主观标准为基础进行,针对抽象的事实或具体的事实进行判断,以确定是否属于当事人应当预见的范围之内。本文以外国法的实践和法学理论为借鉴,以我国法学界的理论为基础,提出判断可预见性标准的理论模型并进行细化分析,得出具有可适用性和可操作性的理论模式,并以两个案例佐证,证明本文提出的理论模型在目前国内的案件应用中具有现实意义。本文一共包括五大部分：第一部分从合理预见规则出发讨论可预见性的标准作为其理论构成之一的重要性和讨论可预见性标准在我国法律实践中的意义,论述了可预见性标准的内涵及其理论依据,确立本文的研究内容和研究思路。第二部分从外国的法律规定和由经典案例确立的规则出发,讨论可预见性的标准在法国法、英国普通法、美国法中的实践与发展,并将这些国家对可预见性的标准的适用进行比较、分析。第三部分以各国法学界的研究视角出发,从法国法学界起初对可预见性标准的讨论,发展到美国法学界对该理论的进一步发展,并总结了我国法学界的观点,并对这些进行比较和分析。并在这部分提出了可预见性标准的初步理论模型,即分为三个层次以不同标准来判断,为下一部分的具体分析做基础。第四部分在第三部分提出的理论模式下,具体深化三个层次所包含的内容,列举可能影响可预见性标准的因素分属的不同层次,包括合同主要内容对第一层次的影响,当事人身份对第二层次的影响,以及特殊信息披露对第三层次的影响,最后提出一个完整的理论模式。第五部分以我国《合同法》中典型的合同为例,分别以一个买卖合同和加工承揽合同的实际案例为引,证明确定违约损害赔偿时运用本文提出的三个层次分析可预见性标准的可适用性,作为本文理论模式的实践支持。结语部分总结笔者的理论模式,强调研究该课题的目的,对于合理预见规则中的可预见性的标准,考虑到其复杂性和不确定性而用三个层次分别讨论,每一层次考虑不同的影响因素和影响程度,并进行总体概括。文章最后表达了对该课题进一步研究的愿望。
[Abstract]:The criterion of predictability is a part of the theory of reasonable foresight rule and the most important part of reasonable foresight rule. Whether or not the direct losses caused by the breach of contract and the loss of the benefits available as a result of the breach should be compensated, how to compensate is a difficult problem. The way to solve this problem is to reach the final conclusion by judging the criteria of predictability. The criteria of predictability are usually based on objective criteria or subjective criteria, and are based on abstract facts or concrete facts. To determine whether it falls within the scope that the parties should foresee. Based on the practice and theory of foreign law and the theory of law in our country, this paper puts forward a theoretical model of judging predictability standard and makes detailed analysis, and obtains a theoretical model with applicability and maneuverability. It is proved by two cases that the theoretical model proposed in this paper is of practical significance in the application of domestic cases at present. The first part discusses the importance of the criterion of predictability as one of its theoretical components, discusses the significance of the criterion of predictability in the legal practice of our country, and discusses the connotation and theoretical basis of the criterion of predictability. Establish the research content and research ideas of this paper. The second part discusses the practice and development of the standards of predictability in French law, English common law and American law from the perspective of foreign laws and rules established by classical cases. The application of predictability criteria in these countries is compared and analyzed. In the third part, from the perspective of the legal circles of various countries, from the initial discussion of the criteria of predictability in the French legal circles to the further development of the theory in the American legal circles, the author summarizes the views of the legal circles in our country. In this part, the preliminary theoretical model of predictability criterion is put forward, which is divided into three levels and judged by different standards, which is the basis of the next part of the concrete analysis. The fourth part of the theoretical model proposed in the third part, specifically deepening the content of the three levels, enumerating the factors that may affect predictability standards belong to different levels, including the main content of the contract on the first level of influence, The influence of the identity of the parties on the second level, and the influence of the special information disclosure on the third level. Finally, a complete theoretical model is put forward. The fifth part takes the typical contract in the contract Law of our country as an example, taking the actual case of a sale contract and the processing contract as the example, respectively. It is proved that the applicability of the three levels of predictability criterion proposed in this paper is the practical support of the theoretical model of this paper. The conclusion part summarizes the theoretical model of the author, emphasizes the purpose of studying the subject, discusses the criteria of predictability in the rule of reasonable foresight, taking into account its complexity and uncertainty, and discusses it separately in three levels. At each level, different factors and degrees of influence are taken into account, and a general summary is made. Finally, the author expresses his wish for further research on this subject.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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