论我国《保险法》中不可抗辩条款的适用

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:16

本文选题：不可抗辩 + 如实告知　；参考：《长春工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：不可抗辩条款起源于英美法系国家保险实践,目的为了平衡保险人和被保险人双方之间的利益,限制保险人滥用合同解除权,解决长期以来保险市场存在的信任危机问题,对促进保险业的发展有着积极作用。不可抗辩条款由最早的合同约定条款发展为合同法定条款,被大陆法系各国家和地区保险法立法所借鉴。我国2009年10月实施的新《保险法》对1995年的《保险法》进行了大幅度修订,将“不可抗辩条款”全面引入保险合同法律规范之中,成为本次修订最明显的变化之一。依据该条款规定只要保险合同成立时间超过两年,保险人不得再以投保人、被保险人故意或重大过失未履行如实告知义务为由行使合同解除权,保险人应当承担损失给付受益人保险金的责任,保护投保人、被保险人所享有的保单上的合理期待和信赖利益。此举不仅使保险理赔纠纷出现后有更充分的法律依据,使纠纷在很大程度上有所减少,甚至杜绝。而且,督促了保险公司对承保环节的管控及保险人员专业素质水平的提高,有效遏制了保险营销活动中存在的销售误导行为,对规范保险市场经营产生积极影响,更大程度上保障了投保人、被保险人的利益,对我国保险业发展具有重大影响。但是,我国《保险法》中有关不可抗辩条款相关法律条文规定过于简单和笼统,适用条件和范围不够明确,面对复杂的法律实践带来的争议和问题适用时将难以应对,该条款的适用条件、范围和程度存在有待明确和完善之处,否则将会在一定程度上违背不可抗辩条款立法目的,其功能的正常发挥也将受到一定的阻碍。我国新《保险法》颁布实施前后,有很多学者对不可抗辩条款适用方面的问题进行了探究,但不够全面和深入,缺少系统的梳理和总结。本文对我国不可抗辩条款适用问题进行了深入的研究,从法律的价值角度出发,以不可抗辩条款的理论依据为指导,对该制度的适用条件和范围进行了细致的归纳分析,并对适用时经常容易出现混用的弃权、禁止反言和不可抗辩三种制度加以辨析,界定了三者的适用要件并对其适用情形加以区分,有利于三者的法律适用。同时,论文结合国内外有关不可抗辩条款的实务案例,对该条款在我国实践适用时存在的问题,进行重点梳理分析。结合英美法系和大陆法系国家立法经验和我国保险业发展现状和趋势提出完善建议,以求使该条款能够在实践中发挥更大的积极作用,减少保险业实践操作上的盲目和混乱,促进我国保险事业健康发展。
[Abstract]:The non-defensible clause originates from the insurance practice in Anglo-American law countries. It aims at balancing the interests between the insurer and the insured, restricting the insurer from abusing the right to rescind the contract, and solving the problem of trust crisis existing in the insurance market for a long time. It plays a positive role in promoting the development of the insurance industry. The non-defense clause developed from the earliest contract agreement clause to the contract statutory clause, which is used for reference by the countries and regions of the continental law system. The new Insurance Law implemented in October 2009 has greatly revised the Insurance Law of 1995. The "non-defensible clause" has been fully introduced into the legal norms of insurance contracts, which has become one of the most obvious changes in this revision. According to this clause, as long as the insurance contract is established for more than two years, the insurer shall no longer exercise the right to terminate the contract on the grounds that the policyholder, the insured intentionally or grossly negligently fails to perform the obligation of informing the person truthfully, The insurer shall bear the responsibility of the loss and payment of the beneficiary's insurance, and shall protect the policyholder and the insured's reasonable expectation and trust interest on the policy. This not only makes the insurance claim dispute more fully legal basis, so that the dispute is reduced to a large extent, or even eliminated. Moreover, it urges insurance companies to control the underwriting links and improve the professional quality of insurance personnel, effectively curbing the misguided sales behavior existing in insurance marketing activities, and having a positive impact on standardizing the operation of the insurance market. To a greater extent, to protect the interests of policyholders and insured, has a significant impact on the development of China's insurance industry. However, the relevant provisions of the non-defensible clauses in the Insurance Law of our country are too simple and general, the applicable conditions and scope are not clear enough, and it will be difficult to deal with the disputes and problems brought about by the complicated legal practice. The conditions, scope and degree of application of this clause need to be clarified and perfected, otherwise, it will violate the legislative purpose of the non-defensible clause to a certain extent, and its function will be hindered to a certain extent. Before and after the promulgation and implementation of the new Insurance Law in China, many scholars have explored the application of non-defensible clauses, but they are not comprehensive and thorough enough, and lack of systematic combing and summing up. This article has carried on the thorough research to our country indefensible clause application question, from the legal value angle, has carried on the detailed induction analysis to the system's application condition and the scope from the legal value angle, guided by the theory basis of the non-defensible clause. It also discriminates and analyzes the three systems of abstaining, estoppel and non-defense, and defines the applicable elements of the three systems and distinguishes their application, which is beneficial to the application of the three kinds of laws. At the same time, combining the domestic and foreign practice cases of the non-defensible clause, this paper focuses on the analysis of the problems existing in the application of this clause in practice in our country. Combined with the legislative experience of Anglo-American and continental law countries and the present situation and trend of insurance development in China, the author puts forward some suggestions to make this clause play a more active role in practice and reduce the blindness and confusion in insurance practice. Promote the healthy development of China's insurance industry.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.284

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