论违反强制性规定的合同效力

发布时间：2018-07-07 12:44

本文选题：强制性规定 + 合同效力　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,时代的进步,市场经济的不断完善和发展,我国面临的很多问题将会凸显出来,尤其是当前我国又要迎接全球化的挑战,这将加剧这些问题的显现,这也是对我国法治社会向前发展的一大挑战。我们的民事立法起步较晚,我国很多的法律制度并没有完全顺应这样的发展方向和发展速度。经济基础决定上层建筑,随着我国从计划经济到市场经济的转变,使整个社会对《合同法》的要求越来越严格。《合同法》本身将会在市场经济的浪潮中发挥巨大的作用,但是一部法律的完善是有过程的,尤其是社会的发展步伐如此之快,不可能随时都能保持其先进性,所以不可避免的会出现一定的滞后性,在具体的应用中就会出现这样或那样的问题,如果解决不好就会有碍社会主义社会的发展。本文就是举例说明在《合同法》上存在的问题及我们要怎样去解决。《合同法》第五十二条明确规定,“违反强制性规定的合同无效”。这部法律在制定之后,不管是在理论上还是在具体的司法实践和法律应用中,我们不难发现,仅仅就这个法律规定的本身而言,它并没有像立法者立法之初考虑的那样,不同于立法者的想法,本来是想通过它来指导人们去追求正当的利益,可是事与愿违,这条规定却减少和限制了理性自由人通过自我意识去追求自身利益、自由,更严重的是它甚至成了理性人在追求正当利益这条路上的绊脚石。在司法实践中与立法者的原意不相符合。在我国的司法实践中我们一般采用的是《合同法》第五十二条的规定,后来相续出台了《合同法解释一》和《合同法解释二》,逐渐缩小无效合同的范围,从开始的违反法律、行政法规的合同无效,到后来解释一缩小了这里法律、行政法的范围,再到解释二把强制性规定缩小到效力性强制性规定。虽然经过了这么多的努力,但对效力性强制性规定的内涵和认定标准没有明确,理论界和司法实务界在具体应用的过程中有很大的分歧,没有统一的标准来指导司法实践。王轶教授在其著作《民法原理与民法学方法》的开头部分借用了陈波先生的说法,“中国学术有‘照着讲’的传统,倡导和鼓励‘我注六经’,充斥着我对前人、古人、洋人的顶礼膜拜,对过去典籍的崇拜和敬畏”。我们一直在崇拜,禁锢自己的思想,所以要大胆的创新,对合同法上这个概念在此基础上创新,提出不同的理解。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society, the progress of the times and the continuous improvement and development of the market economy, many problems facing our country will be highlighted, especially our country will meet the challenge of globalization, which will aggravate the appearance of these problems. This is also a major challenge to the development of our country's rule of law society. Our civil legislation started late, and many of our legal systems did not fully comply with the development direction and speed. The economic base determines the superstructure. With the transition from planned economy to market economy in our country, the whole society becomes more and more strict about the requirements of contract Law. Contract Law itself will play a great role in the wave of market economy. However, the perfection of a law has a process, especially the pace of social development is so fast that it is impossible to maintain its advanced nature at any time, so it is inevitable that there will be a certain lag. In specific applications, there will be problems of one kind or another, which will hinder the development of socialist society if they are not solved well. This article is an example to illustrate the existing problems in the contract Law and how we should solve them. Article 52 of the contract Law clearly states that "the contract which violates the mandatory provisions is invalid". After the enactment of this law, whether in theory or in the specific judicial practice and application of the law, it is not difficult to find that, as far as the provisions of the law are concerned, it is not the same as it was considered at the beginning of the legislator's legislation. Different from the idea of legislators, it was intended to guide people to pursue legitimate interests, but contrary to their wishes, this provision reduces and restricts rational free people from pursuing their own interests and freedom through self-awareness. What is more serious is that it has even become a stumbling block for rational people in the pursuit of legitimate interests. In judicial practice, it does not accord with the original intention of the legislator. In the judicial practice of our country, we generally adopt the provisions of Article 52 of the contract Law. Later, we issued the interpretation of contract Law I > and the interpretation of contract Law II, gradually narrowing down the scope of invalid contracts and violating the law from the beginning. The contract of the administrative regulations is invalid, and the scope of the law and administrative law is narrowed down by the later explanation, and then by the explanation 2, the mandatory provisions are reduced to the mandatory provisions of validity. Though so much effort has been made, the connotation and standard of validity mandatory stipulation are not clear, there are great differences between the theory circle and the judicial practice circle in the concrete application process, and there is no uniform standard to guide the judicial practice. In the beginning of his work, principles of Civil Law and methods of Civil Law, Professor Wang Yi borrowed the words of Mr. Chen Bo. "Chinese academics have a tradition of 'speaking according to', advocating and encouraging'I note the six Classics, 'filled with my views on the forefathers, the ancients, The worship of foreigners, the worship and awe of the books of the past. We have been worshipping and imprison our own thoughts, so we should innovate boldly, innovate on the basis of this concept in contract law, and put forward different understandings.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】