未定履行期限债权诉讼时效期间起算问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 13:01

【摘要】：时效制度最早起源于古罗马法,是对民事权利的一种限制。由于诉讼时效期间是一定的,在司法实践中诉讼时效案件的争议焦点多集中于诉讼时效的起算。诉讼时效起算点的确定与诉讼时效期间是否超过和权利人的权利是否受法律的强制保护密切相关,因此诉讼时效的起算是整个诉讼时效制度的核心,直接影响了诉讼时效制度发挥其调节社会的作用,决定了当事人之间的利益分配,对社会关系起着重新调整的作用,同时诉讼时效的起算对诉讼时效制度的价值体现发挥着重要的作用,其在诉讼时效制度中居于非常重要的地位。诉讼时效的起算点就是诉讼时效期间的开始时间点。《民法通则》第137条规定了以权利受侵害时为标准起算诉讼时效期间,这是我国诉讼时效起算点的统一标准,采用主客观标准相一致的原则。该标准并不适用于本文所选的未定履行期限合同。对未定履行期限债权诉讼时效起算点的认定,大多数国家和地区立法例可以归纳为以下两种：种观点认为此类债权的诉讼时效期间应从债权成立之日起计算,一种观点认为此类债权应从权利人主张权利,并给予债务人之宽限期届满之时起算。最高人民法院于2008年8月发布的《关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》,对未定履行期限的合同的诉讼时效期间起算点作出了明确具体的规定,弥补了权利受侵害主义在诉讼时效起算标准上的不足,对现如今理论上的争论和司法实践中的混乱具体指导性意义。但该规定更多注重于主观方面,导致对权利人的过度保护,不符合诉讼时效的立法宗旨；同时造成举证责任的混乱,增加法院认定事实的困难度；其次对宽限期的模糊规定,与《合同法》的相关规定不一致,且在实际的操作适用中也存在很大的差异性。我国诉讼时效起算标准规定不统一,且过于抽象、笼统,具有不可操作性。要制定合理的诉讼时效起算标准,必须以诉讼时效制度理论为基础,立足国情,充分重视我国传统法律文化的影响,在延长普通诉讼时效期间的前提下,建立以权利可行使主义为标准的诉讼时效起算制度
[Abstract]:The system of limitation originated from ancient Roman law and is a limitation of civil rights. As the limitation period is certain, in judicial practice, the dispute focuses on the starting of the statute of limitations. The determination of the starting point of limitation of action is closely related to whether the period of limitation of action is over or not and whether the rights of the obligee are protected by the law, so the starting of the limitation of action is the core of the system of limitation of action. It directly affects the limitation of action system to play its role in regulating society, determines the distribution of interests between the parties, and plays a role in readjusting social relations. At the same time, the starting calculation of the limitation of action plays an important role in the embodiment of the value of the limitation of action system, and it occupies a very important position in the system of limitation of action. The starting point of limitation of action is the starting point of limitation of action. Article 137 of the General principles of Civil Law stipulates that the period of limitation of action shall be calculated according to the standard when the right is infringed, which is the unified standard of the starting point of limitation of action in our country. The principle of consistency of subjective and objective criteria is adopted. This standard does not apply to undetermined performance contracts selected herein. Most countries and regions have the following two kinds of legislation: the limitation period of such claims should be calculated from the date of the establishment of the creditor's rights, and the legal limitation period of this kind of creditor's rights should be calculated from the date of the establishment of the creditor's rights. One view is that such claims should be counted from the time when the obligee claims his rights and gives the debtor a grace period. In August 2008, the Supreme people's Court issued the provisions on the Application of the limitation of Action system in hearing Civil cases. It makes up for the deficiency of infringing right doctrine in the standard of limitation of action, and it is instructive to the theoretical argument and the confusion in judicial practice. However, this provision pays more attention to the subjective aspects, resulting in excessive protection of the obligee, which is not in accordance with the legislative purpose of the statute of limitations; at the same time, it causes confusion of the burden of proof and increases the difficulty for the court to determine the facts; secondly, the ambiguous provisions on the grace period, It is inconsistent with the relevant regulations of contract Law and has great differences in practical operation. The standard of limitation of action in our country is not uniform, too abstract, general, and not operable. In order to establish reasonable standards of limitation of action, we must base on the theory of limitation of action, base on the national conditions, pay full attention to the influence of the traditional legal culture of our country, and extend the period of limitation of ordinary litigation under the premise of prolonging the period of limitation of action. Establishing the system of starting and calculating the limitation of Action based on the principle of right exercisability
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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