我国水资源保护立法研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 08:34

本文关键词：我国水资源保护立法研究　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是自然界重要的自然资源之一，也是人类赖以生存的必备物质要素之一。随着工业化，城市化的快速发展，以及人口数量的急剧增加，目前我国水资源的开发利用和环境保护的现状令人堪忧，同时已经出现的质量性缺水、区域性污染等问题也日渐严重。如何有效的保护水资源不受污染，达到水资源的可持续利用，是当今人类社会所面临的一项重要任务,保护水资源是人类的一项永久的课题。虽然我国水资源总量居世界第6位，但是人均占有量仅为2500m3，如果说世界上只有一壶水的话，我国就是13亿人口分享一杯的情况，所以我国水资源匮乏情况是严峻的。合理开发和充分利用水资源，兼顾经济效益与生态环境，关系到我国的当前利益与长远利益及整个社会经济的可持续发展。因此，如何建立有效的水资源管理制度已经引起了全社会的普遍关注。本文从以下几方面对水资源保护立法的相关问题进行了探讨。首先，本文在对水资源的涵义及特点进行了分析的同时，对水资源的概念、特点和价值做出了界定，明确了水资源法律制度的调整范围，并根据我国水资源保护的现况分析了我国实行水资源保护立法的必要性，这是建立我国水资源保护立法的前提。其次，通过对我国水资源保护立法现状的评析，指出了水资源保护立法中存在的不足。我国的水资源总量比较丰富，但是由于经济开发、农业灌溉、生活用水等，水资源短缺问题日益严重。目前，我国水资源保护立法存在着技术滞后、部门与部门之间分工不明确，缺乏有效司法保护等问题。因此，有必要完善我国水资源法律制度。第三，本文对国外水资源保护立法现状做了考察。分别探讨了美国、法国、澳大利亚以及日本的水资源保护法律制度。一方面通过分析国外水资源法律制度使我们清楚地认识到我国现行水资源法律制度与社会的脱节；另一方面可以借鉴国外的先进经验来改进我国的相关立法，为制定出符合我国国情的水资源保护法律体系提供有益的启示。第四，本文在分析水资源保护立法的缺陷和介绍国外水资源保护制度先进经验的基础上，提出完善我国水资源保护立法的相关建议。一是完善水权制度，由于我国有关水权的基础理论还很薄弱，使得水权制度的改革还处在萌芽阶段，没有形成完整的水权制度，，因此完善水权制度是构建水资源保护法律体系的重要途径之一。二是健全水权交易制度，要解决我国的水患问题，建立水权交易制度也是关键。水资源是人类生存和发展的基础，建立完备的水资源保护制度不仅是社会经济发展的条件，也是实现人与自然和谐发展的有效途径。
[Abstract]:Water is one of the important natural resources in nature, and it is also one of the essential material elements for human survival. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and the rapid increase of population. At present, the development and utilization of water resources and environmental protection in our country are worrying. At the same time, the quality of water shortage, regional pollution and other problems are becoming more and more serious. How to effectively protect water resources from pollution. To achieve the sustainable use of water resources is an important task facing the human society today, and the protection of water resources is a permanent task for human beings, although the total amount of water resources in China ranks sixth in the world. But the per capita share is only 2, 500 m3. If there is only one pot of water in the world, China's 1.3 billion people share a cup of water. Therefore, the shortage of water resources in China is severe. Reasonable development and full use of water resources, taking into account economic benefits and ecological environment. It is related to the current and long-term interests of our country and the sustainable development of the whole society and economy. Therefore, how to establish an effective water resources management system has aroused the widespread concern of the whole society. This paper discusses the related problems of water resources protection legislation from the following aspects. First of all, this paper analyzes the meaning and characteristics of water resources, defines the concept, characteristics and value of water resources, and clarifies the scope of adjustment of the legal system of water resources. According to the current situation of water resources protection in China, the necessity of implementing water resources protection legislation is analyzed, which is the premise of establishing water resources protection legislation in China. Secondly, through the analysis of the current situation of water resources protection legislation in China, it points out the shortcomings of water resources protection legislation. The total amount of water resources in China is relatively rich, but due to economic development, agricultural irrigation. The problem of water resources shortage is becoming more and more serious. At present, the legislation of water resources protection in our country is lagging behind in technology, the division of labor between departments and departments is not clear, and there are many problems such as lack of effective judicial protection and so on. It is necessary to perfect the legal system of water resources in our country. Third, this article has made the investigation to the foreign water resources protection legislation present situation, has discussed separately the United States, France. The legal system of water resources protection in Australia and Japan. On the one hand, by analyzing the legal system of water resources in foreign countries, we can clearly understand the disconnection between the current legal system of water resources in our country and the society. On the other hand, we can use the advanced experience of foreign countries for reference to improve the relevant legislation of our country, and provide useful inspiration for the establishment of the legal system of water resources protection which is in line with the national conditions of our country. In 4th, on the basis of analyzing the defects of water resources protection legislation and introducing the advanced experience of foreign water resources protection system, this paper puts forward some relevant suggestions to perfect the water resources protection legislation in our country. One is to perfect the water right system. Because the basic theory of water right in our country is still very weak, the reform of water right system is still in its infancy stage, and it has not formed a complete water right system. Therefore, to perfect the water right system is one of the important ways to construct the legal system of water resources protection. Second, to perfect the water right trading system and to solve the problem of flood in our country. Water resources are the basis of human survival and development, and the establishment of a complete system of water resources protection is not only a condition for social and economic development. It is also an effective way to realize the harmonious development of man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.66

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