论我国污染场地土壤修复基金制度的构建

发布时间：2018-01-31 10:16

本文关键词： 土壤污染污染场地土壤修复基金　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国对于污染场地土壤生态损害的救济手段包括:民事救济、行政救济和包括环境责任保险和企业互助基金在内的社会化救济,当场地污染责任人不明或责任人无法完整承担赔偿责任时,土壤生态损害无法得到救济,这就需要建立污染场地土壤修复基金制度。污染场地土壤修复基金制度是指由政府设立,依据一定的程序和标准储备资金,当出现场地污染的责任人不明或责任人无法完整承担赔偿责任时,由基金提供资金用于修复污染场地土壤生态环境的制度。污染场地土壤修复基金是政府依靠其与国家之间的代理关系,以公益为目设立的非营利基金,本质是公共补偿制度。基金应当采取公法上的财团法人的模式设立。对于基金来说,最重要的是资金来源的充足与稳定,因此应当拓宽多种筹资渠道,以保证基金的持续性存在。基金按照来源的主体为划分标准,可分为国库和私人提供两种。基金制度应当吸取美国超级基金的教训,不应设置宽泛且严格的责任制度,应当由污染行为人承担可溯及既往的责任。基金的内部组织机构包括决策、执行、监督和审计四个组成部分。政府、相关利害关系人以及社会公益组织可以向基金提出发放申请。基金的使用主要用于土壤修复及相关的支出,不包括人身损失和财产损失。基金作为土壤损害赔偿社会化的手段,其发放可采取先行发放或穷尽救济后发放的模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the relief measures for soil ecological damage in China include civil relief, administrative relief and social relief, including environmental liability insurance and mutual fund for enterprises. When the person responsible for site pollution is unknown or the responsible person can not fully assume the compensation liability, the soil ecological damage can not be remedied. This requires the establishment of the contaminated site soil remediation fund system. The soil remediation fund system is established by the government, according to certain procedures and standard reserve funds. When the person responsible for site pollution is unknown or the person cannot fully bear the liability for compensation. The Fund provides funds for the system of remediation of the soil ecological environment of contaminated sites. The soil remediation Fund for contaminated sites is a non-profit fund established by the Government on the basis of its agency relationship with the State and aimed at the public good. The essence is the public compensation system. The fund should adopt the model of public law financial entity. For the fund, the most important thing is the adequacy and stability of the source of funds, so we should broaden the various channels of financing. In order to ensure the continuous existence of the fund. According to the source of the main body of the fund for the classification criteria, can be divided into two types of treasury and private supply. The fund system should draw lessons from the American superfund. A broad and strict liability regime should not be established, and retroactive liability should be borne by the polluter. The internal organizational structure of the Fund consists of four components, namely, decision-making, implementation, oversight and audit. Relevant stakeholders and social public welfare organizations may apply to the Fund for issuance. The use of the Fund is mainly used for soil remediation and related expenditures. Not including personal loss and property loss. As a means of socialization of compensation for soil damage, funds can be distributed in advance or after exhaustion.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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