中国制定《海洋基本法》的必要性和可行性研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 21:46

本文关键词： 中国海洋基本法《联合国海洋法公约》海洋权益　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋是人类生命支持系统的重要组成部分,是全球气候变化的调节器,是沿海国家可持续发展的宝贵财富和战略空间。随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人类对海洋的价值及其作用的认识逐步深入,对海洋的开发利用朝着多元化方向发展,人类的可持续发展将越来越多的依赖海洋,各国也日益重视对海洋权益的维护。《联合国海洋法公约》所确立的海洋法律制度确立了世界海洋新秩序,使各国提高了对海洋重要性的认识。随着《联合国海洋法公约》的生效,许多沿海国家为获得政治、经济、军事上的有利态势和战略利益,拓宽海洋问题的范围,竞相调整国家海洋战略和政策,提升海洋问题在国内外政策中的地位。更多的海洋国家加速了国内海洋立法程序,纷纷依据《联合国海洋法公约》的有关规定以及世界海洋竞争发展的态势,认真审视本国的海洋政策,制定本国海洋基本法律,在海洋立法、规划、海洋维权管理等方面加大了力度。制定《海洋基本法》对海洋进行综合管理已经成为当今世界主要海洋国家海洋法制发展的方向。我国既是一个陆地大国,也是一个海洋大国,在重要海洋事务上不应当落后,也应当有一个统领海洋各个领域工作的基本法律。新中国成立后我国的海洋立法有了很大的发展。但迄今我国尚没有一个统揽海洋事业发展的根本大法,已有的一些海洋法律和政策大多为各涉海部门制定,部门利益突出,综合性不足,且彼此不够协调,有的甚至互相矛盾冲突。为了实现建设海洋强国的目标,迫切需要以科学发展观为指导,制定《海洋基本法》。制定《海洋基本法》,可以确定我国海洋事业发展的基本方针、政策、发展目标和规划等,对海洋政策、规划、管理体制、管理原则和制度等进行统一、规范,对海洋实施全方位的规划和管理,并为制定海洋单项法律提供直接依据。同时,还将为我国解决实际中存在的海洋权益纠纷提供国内法律依据,对于我们有理有利有节地处理海洋争端,妥善解决海洋权益争议起到重大作用。本文共分五部分。第一部分从介绍海洋的战略地位入手,得出国家对海洋进行开发、利用和管理的重要性。第二部分首先介绍《联合国海洋法公约》制定后形成的国际海洋新秩序,以便为后文论述世界海洋大国的相关海洋立法和政策奠定背景基础。随后要介绍世界海洋大国的相关海洋立法和政策,通过比较法的视角,得出我国制定海洋基本法的必要性和紧迫性。第三部分主要足从理论层面探讨我国制定海洋基本法的必要性。第四部分主要从实践层而探讨我国制定海洋基本法的必要性。第四部分从国内政治环境和法理环境两方面来论证制定《海洋基本法》的可行性。通过前文的论述,对我国制定海洋基本法的必要性和可行性有了一个大概的认识,但是理论研究的目的在于指引实践。因此,本文最后一部分试图在前文论述的基础上提出我国制定《海洋基本法》的框架构想,并提出在其他方面应采取哪些努力及其它应对配套措施。制定《海洋基本法》是国家所需,民族所需,战略所需,对于确立中国是个海洋国家的法律地位,将建设海洋强国的政策提升为国家意志,对于完善我国海洋法律体系,维护我国的权益,改善我国的海洋管理具有重要而深远的意义,也具有现实的紧迫性。这也正是本文研究的意义所在。
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important part of human life support system, is a regulator of global climate change, is the precious wealth and strategic space of coastal countries for sustainable development. With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, and the role of human understanding of the value of the sea gradually thorough, the development and utilization of the ocean towards sustainable development in the direction of diversification. Human development will be more and more dependent on the ocean, many countries have paid great attention to safeguarding marine rights and interests.
"Established by the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" law of the sea establish new order of the world's oceans, to enable countries to improve awareness of the importance of oceans. With the "force the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea", many coastal countries for political, economic, military and the favorable situation of strategic interests, broaden the scope of marine issues the National Marine competes to adjust the strategy and policy, promoting domestic and foreign policy issues in Marine's position. More marine countries accelerate the domestic marine legislation, have on the basis of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea < > and relevant rules of the world ocean competition situation, carefully examine their marine policy, the development of national marine basic law in planning, marine, marine legislation, rights management and increased efforts. Make < the integrated management of ocean law > Ocean has become the world's major marine national sea The direction of the development of the foreign legal system.
China is a land power, is also a big ocean, in the ocean affairs should not be backward, should also have the basic legal work in various fields over the ocean. A new China after the establishment of China's marine legislation has made great progress. But so far China is still not a fundamental law of overall development the marine industry, some marine law and policy has been mostly developed for the marine departments, departmental interests outstanding, comprehensive, and coordinated with each other enough, and some even conflict with each other. In order to achieve the goal of building a maritime power, the urgent need to establish Scientific Outlook on Development as a guide, "basic ocean law.
Make "basic ocean law >, can determine the basic principles, the development of China's marine industry policy, development goals and planning, to the marine policy, planning, management system, unified management, principle and system specification, implementation plan and manage all aspects of the ocean, and provide direct basis for the development of individual marine law. At the same time, will also provide domestic legal basis for China to solve real marine rights disputes, enabling a rational section for us to handle maritime disputes, maritime rights and interests and properly solve disputes play a major role.
This paper is divided into five parts. The first part starts from the introduction of the strategic position of the sea, the national development of the ocean, the importance of utilization and management. The second part introduces the "new international marine order form the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" after the enactment of the established background, in order to lay the foundation for the discussion of the world ocean marine power the legislation and policy. Then we introduce the world maritime power marine legislation and policy, from the perspective of comparative law, the necessity and urgency that our country formulating ocean basic law. The third part mainly discuss the development of China's exploration of the necessity of ocean law from the aspect of theory. The fourth part mainly from the practice and explore the necessity the development of China's marine law. The fourth part from the two aspects of the domestic political environment and legal environment to demonstrate the feasibility of formulating ocean Basic Law > <. Through the above discussion, I The necessity and feasibility of enacting the basic law of the sea to have a general understanding, but the purpose of theoretical research practice guidelines. Therefore, the last part of this paper tries to put forward the framework of the development of China's "basic ocean law > conception on the basis of the above discussion, and put forward the he should take what efforts and other coping supporting measures.
< > formulating ocean basic law is needed for national, national strategic needs, need to establish the legal status of a Chinese is a maritime country, will enhance the construction of marine power policy for the national will, to improve our marine legal system, safeguard China's interests, has important and far-reaching significance to improve the management of our oceans in our country, also has the reality urgency. This is also the significance of this study.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;D993.5

【相似文献】