节能减排目标责任制法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 03:10

本文关键词： 节能减排目标责任制节能减排指标　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目标责任制在行政机关工作的各个方面都有重要的运用,是保障行政机关顺利开展工作的一项重要的制度形式。节能减排目标责任制是目标责任制在节能减排工作中的具体运用,是保障节能减排工作的制度中最为基础的制度。在节能减排工作中,目标仅仅起确定大方向的作用,要实现节能减排目标,需要确定相应的指标,并且对指标进行分解、执行、考核,还要确定相应的责任体系。由此可以得出结论,节能减排目标责任制的实质在于指标的全过程管理,其核心要素是指标体系。在实现节能减排指标的全过程中仍然存在很多问题。一是节能减排指标自身在性质上属于政策性目标,不具有法律效力,因此具有重要性,可协商性、可变通性,客观性以及不可追究的特征,这在很大程度上导致了随后各个阶段诸多问题的出现。二是节能减排指标的设定上不能体现科学性和民主性的要求,缺乏相应的程序,节能减排指标的分解缺乏对各地实际情况的考虑,缺乏上下级沟通机制。三是节能减排指标的执行中出现很多手段上的偏差,如区域限批制度不规范、拉闸限电侵害企业和居民利益等。四是节能减排指标考核重结果而轻过程,考核方法不科学。五是保障节能减排指标的法律责任不健全,尤其缺乏对政府责任的规定。由于这些问题紧密纠缠在一起,相互联系,互为因果,分别进行对策设计难以取得理想的效果,需要从根本上寻求解决路径。节能减排目标责任制缺乏法律的约束,这正是产生上述问题的根本原因,因此,节能减排目标责任制长远的发展方向应当是建立起相应的法律保障机制,实现节能减排目标责任制的法律化。根据我国目前的实际情况,采用分散式的立法路径较为可行。首先需要在《地方政府组织法》中确定目标责任制的法律地位,为节能减排目标责任制提供上位法依据。其次,考虑到节能和减排分属于不同的领域,应当在《节约能源法》和《环境保护法》中分别用专章对节能减排目标责任制进行相应的规定。
[Abstract]:The objective responsibility system has important applications in all aspects of the work of administrative organs. The target responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction is the concrete application of the target responsibility system in the work of energy conservation and emission reduction, and it is the most basic system of the system of ensuring energy saving and emission reduction. In the work of energy conservation and emission reduction, the goal only plays the role of determining the general direction. In order to achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction, it is necessary to determine the corresponding indicators, and to decompose, implement and assess the targets. It can be concluded that the essence of the target responsibility system for energy saving and emission reduction lies in the management of the whole process of the target, and its core element is the index system. There are still many problems in the whole process of realizing the energy saving and emission reduction targets. First, the energy saving and emission reduction targets themselves belong to the policy objectives in nature and do not have legal effect, so they are important, negotiable and changeable. Objectivity and the characteristics that cannot be investigated, which to a large extent lead to the emergence of many problems in the subsequent stages. Second, the setting of energy saving and emission reduction targets cannot reflect the requirements of science and democracy, and lacks the corresponding procedures. The decomposition of energy saving and emission reduction targets lacks consideration of the actual situation in various places, and lacks of communication mechanism between the upper and lower levels. Third, there are many deviations in the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction targets, such as the non-standard regional restriction system. Fourth, the assessment of energy saving and emission reduction targets is not scientific, and the assessment method is not scientific. Fifth, the legal responsibility to protect the energy saving and emission reduction targets is not perfect, especially the provisions on the responsibility of the government. Because these problems are closely entangled in each other and cause and effect each other, it is difficult to achieve the ideal effect by designing countermeasures separately, so we need to find the solution path fundamentally, and the responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction targets lacks of legal restriction. Therefore, the long-term development direction of the target responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction should be to establish the corresponding legal guarantee mechanism and realize the legalization of the responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction targets. According to the actual situation of our country at present, it is feasible to adopt the decentralized legislative path. Firstly, it is necessary to determine the legal status of the target responsibility system in the Organic Law of Local Government, and to provide the upper legal basis for the target responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction. Considering that energy saving and emission reduction belong to different fields, the responsibility system of energy saving and emission reduction should be stipulated in the Energy Saving Law and the Environmental Protection Law respectively.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F206;D912.12;D922.6

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