论我国环境立法对农产品质量安全的保护

发布时间：2018-03-11 12:10

本文选题：环境立法　切入点：农产品的质量安全　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农产品是我们生活不可或缺的一类食品,近些年食品安全事故频发,逐渐引起人们的注意,但是农产品的质量安全问题却没有得到足够的重视。随着化工业的发展,环境问题也日趋严峻。而农业环境对于农产品的质量来说影响是十分重大的。因此,我国应当通过修改和完善环境立法来起到保障农业生态环境以及农产品的质量安全的作用。本文共分以下四个部分:第一部分主要论述环境因素与农产品、农产品质量和农产品质量安全之间的密切关系。首先对几个相关概念进行了界定,指出了对农产品质量安全有着不利影响的环境因素,说明了对农产品质量安全造成危害的环境因素有哪些;其次,对这些环境污染问题进行了分类,分别从农业活动,生活和工业活动这三个角度进行了详细的讨论。第二部分梳理了我国目前的环境立法对农产品质量安全保护的现状。对《环境保护法》、《宪法》、《中华人民共和国农业法》、《农产品质量安全法》、《大气污染防治法》、《固体废弃物污染防治法》、《水污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》、《基本农田保护条例》等进行了分析。第三部分分析了我国目前环境立法对农产品质量安全保护存在的不足之处。主要列举了以下几项问题,即在立法主体之间以及法律法规之间的配合性差;现行法多原则性规定,在实践中的可操作性差;责任制度不完善:惩罚力度过轻,对消费者的保护太少;立法存在空白,没有及时修改和补充;立法的体系不够完善,需要及时修改,形成一个完整的立法体系;立法的滞后性导致本来就具有滞后性的环境问题更难以及时得到解决。最后对立法技术的不足提出了自己的分析和看法。第四部分对今后在环境立法中通过改善农业生态环境来保障农产品的质量安全提出了自己的看法。应当将环境优先及保障人民身体健康和生命安全放在重要位置作为立法的指导思想,以环境保护优先、治理与预防并重、提高资源利用率、污染者担责以及综合治理为立法宗旨。同时,提出了应当制定对农产品质量安全有保护作用的环境标准,说明了标准的重要作用和具体做法。比如在制定标准的时候多听取农民和专家学者的意见,对存在空白的方面进行标准的补充制定;对陈旧的、不符合现代发展的标准进行修改。并且注意部门间的协调,与国际接轨。还着重讨论了配套法律法规的重要性,以及制定主体和立法层级之间协调性与适当性。提出了公众参与环境监督制度、区域差异管理制度、市场准入制度、追溯制度、绿色生产制度、安全事故应急制度、废物农用批准制度。最后对责任的承担主体以及分类进行了梳理和思考,从民事责任,行政责任以及刑事责任;过错责任,无过错责任和过错推定责任等几个方面做了论述。
[Abstract]:Agricultural products are an indispensable kind of food in our daily life. In recent years, food safety accidents have caused people's attention gradually, but the quality and safety of agricultural products have not received enough attention. With the development of chemical industry, The environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, and the agricultural environment has a great impact on the quality of agricultural products. China should improve the environmental legislation to protect the agricultural ecological environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses the environmental factors and agricultural products. The close relationship between the quality of agricultural products and the quality and safety of agricultural products. Firstly, several related concepts are defined, and the environmental factors that have a negative impact on the quality and safety of agricultural products are pointed out. It explains the environmental factors that cause harm to the quality and safety of agricultural products. Secondly, it classifies these environmental pollution problems, respectively from the agricultural activities. The second part combs the current situation of environmental legislation to protect the quality and safety of agricultural products in our country. The "Environmental Protection Law", "Constitution", "the people's Republic of China", "Agriculture of the people's Republic of China" Industry Law, Agricultural Product quality and Safety Law, Air pollution Prevention and Control Law, solid waste pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, people's Republic of China Land Management Law, people's Republic of China Circular economy Promotion Law, basic farmland. The third part analyzes the shortcomings of the current environmental legislation on the quality and safety protection of agricultural products. That is, the cooperation between the main body of legislation and between laws and regulations is poor; there are many principles in the current law, the operability in practice is poor; the responsibility system is not perfect: the punishment is too light, the protection of consumers is too little; there is a blank in the legislation. The legislative system is not perfect and needs to be amended in time to form a complete legislative system. The lag of legislation makes it more difficult to solve the environmental problem with lag in time. Finally, the author puts forward his own analysis and opinion on the deficiency of legislative technology. Part 4th gives some suggestions on the improvement of environmental legislation in the future. Agricultural ecological environment to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products put forward their own views. We should give priority to the environment and safeguard the health and safety of the people as the guiding ideology of legislation. The aim of the legislation is to give priority to environmental protection, to pay equal attention to management and prevention, to improve the utilization rate of resources, to be responsible for polluters and to comprehensively control the pollution. At the same time, the environmental standards which should protect the quality and safety of agricultural products are put forward. The important role and specific practices of the standards are explained. For example, when setting standards, they listen to the opinions of farmers and experts and scholars, and supplement and formulate standards where there are gaps. The standards that are not in line with modern development are modified. Attention is paid to inter-departmental coordination and international integration. The importance of supporting laws and regulations is also discussed. The system of public participation in environmental supervision, regional difference management system, market access system, traceability system, green production system, safety accident emergency system are put forward. Finally, the main body and classification of liability are combed and considered, including civil liability, administrative liability and criminal liability, fault liability, no-fault liability and presumption of fault liability.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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