论我国碳减排背景下二氧化碳的法律定位与规制

发布时间：2018-03-11 14:03

本文选题：碳排放　切入点：二氧化碳　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着人类工业化进程的高速发展,因化石燃料的燃烧和土地利用方式的转变,排放入大气的温室气体日益增加。由此带来的全球环境变化问题越来越突出,应对气候变化成为国际社会面临的最紧迫的课题之一。二氧化碳作为温室气体中最重要的组成部分,其排放的变化将直接影响全球气候变化。因此,为了减缓气候变化,世界各国纷纷出台政策法律,采取不同手段,努力削减碳排放。然而削减碳排放的路径有很多,国际社会对于碳减排立法的模式选择也各有不同,寻找最为有效、合理的方式成为国际社会的共识。无论如何立法,要想解决碳排放问题,明晰二氧化碳的法律定位将是根本中的根本。在大气科学有所发展的今天,在碳排放立法更为迫切的今天,本文旨在寻找一种对二氧化碳的定性方式,能够比其他定性方式更合乎自然科学与法律逻辑双重理论。本文的内容主要涉及四个方面。第一部分,本文主要运用文献研究法,从碳排放加剧的原因角度出发,阐述了我国削减碳排放之必要性和紧迫性。因碳排放的加剧,全球变暖和海洋酸化的问题日益严重,国际社会已经就此展开了多种合作,我国也因此面临巨大的社会压力。第二部分,本文主要运用调查法和个案研究法,从二氧化碳的法律定位是碳排放削减之基础的论证入手,通过调查国际社会上以日本、美国、欧洲诸国为代表的不同立法模式和特色制度,借鉴其经验。再此之后,梳理我国削减碳排放的法律发展历程,辨析相关的学术争议,批判当前主流认知,得出结论,即二氧化碳应当作为大气污染物进行立法规制。第三部分,本文主要运用归纳、类比等思维方式,从大气科学和法律逻辑两方面入手推理,再将二氧化碳与其他大气污染物类比,反主流理论而行,论证二氧化碳的污染物性质,并对二氧化碳确立为污染物的今后做出一些展望。第四部分,本文主要运用描述性研究法,对二氧化碳确立为污染物之后的立法规制做出了一部分构想。笔者认为应当建立一个完善的综合性法律体系框架,能够以《大气污染防治法》为最高指导,制定应对气候变化的专门立法,辅助以新的排污标准和空气质量标准,配合碳税、碳排放权交易、碳汇等具体碳减排制度,实现我国的碳减排大步发展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human industrialization and the increasing emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use patterns, the resulting global environmental change is becoming increasingly acute, Combating climate change has become one of the most pressing issues facing the international community. Carbon dioxide, as the most important component of greenhouse gases, will have a direct impact on global climate change. Therefore, in order to mitigate climate change, Countries all over the world have issued policies and laws, adopted different means to reduce carbon emissions. However, there are many ways to reduce carbon emissions, and the international community has different options for the mode of carbon emission reduction legislation, and it is the most effective way to find out the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions. A reasonable approach has become a consensus among the international community. No matter what legislation is enacted, it will be fundamental to clarify the legal position of carbon dioxide in order to solve the problem of carbon emissions. Today, with the development of atmospheric science, Today, when carbon emission legislation is more urgent, this paper aims to find a qualitative way of carbon dioxide. The content of this paper mainly involves four aspects. The first part, this paper mainly uses literature research method, from the perspective of the causes of carbon emissions increase. The necessity and urgency of reducing carbon emissions in China are expounded. The global warming and ocean acidification problems are becoming more and more serious due to the increase of carbon emissions, and the international community has carried out a variety of cooperation in this regard. In the second part, this paper mainly uses the investigation method and the case study method, starting with the argument that the legal position of carbon dioxide is the basis of carbon emission reduction, through the investigation of the international community, Japan, the United States, The different legislative models and characteristic systems represented by European countries draw lessons from their experiences. After that, this paper combs the legal development course of reducing carbon emissions in China, discriminates the relevant academic disputes, criticizes the current mainstream cognition, and draws a conclusion. That is, carbon dioxide should be legislated as an atmospheric pollutant. In the third part, this paper mainly uses inductive, analogy and other thinking modes to infer from the two aspects of atmospheric science and legal logic. Then compare carbon dioxide with other atmospheric pollutants, counter mainstream theory, demonstrate the nature of carbon dioxide pollutants, and make some prospects for the future of carbon dioxide as pollutants. Part 4th, This paper mainly uses the descriptive research method to make a part of the conception of the legislative regulation after the carbon dioxide is established as a pollutant. The author thinks that a comprehensive legal system should be established. Can take the Air pollution Prevention and Control Law as the highest guidance, formulate special legislation to deal with climate change, assist with specific carbon abatement systems such as carbon taxes, carbon emissions trading, carbon sinks, and so on, with new emission discharge standards and air quality standards, To realize the development of carbon emission reduction in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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