流域水污染防治法中的制衡原则

发布时间：2018-03-23 09:26

本文选题：流域　切入点：水污染防治法　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了治理流域水污染,中央政府和地方政府投入大量的人力物力,采取了一系列的治理措施,包括大量治理资金的投入,制定一系列政策法规,但是效果不佳,水污染状况仍在加剧。目前,涉及流域水污染防治的法律法规不可谓不多,但是实际上这些法律法规不能得到有效的贯彻执行。法律规定流域水污染防治的主要责任在地方人民政府,一个流域内的全部行政区划单位,都有保护流域环境,执行环境法的职责。但是,在目前行政分权的情况下,处于流域内的行政区更多的是争相从流域索取而怠于环境管理纵容排污,这是造成流域水污染防治法贯彻执行不力的根本原因。笔者研究认为,明晰流域内行政区政府的责任,建立流域内政府相互制衡的机制,可以提高地方政府贯彻执行水污染防治法的动力,是治理流域水污染的有效方式。以往学者们并没有把制衡宣布为流域水污染防治法的一项基本原则,但制衡却是流域水污染防治尤其是跨界水污染防治的应有之义,并且流域水污染防治法自身的发展也越来越多地采用了制衡的手段。构建流域内政府间制衡机制,使流域内地方政府基于不同的利益诉求和各种制约力量寻求流域整体利益和自身利益的平衡点,提高流域水污染治理的效果是本文的研究目的。本文首先对我国目前在水污染治理上的技术、法律等措施和防治效果欠佳的矛盾进行考察,同时总结学者官员们对于水污染防治效果欠佳原因的分析。其次,以流域的整体性特征、流域水污染的整体性特征为出发点,分析认为我国目前水污染防治措施的分散性不能应对这种整体性的要求。再次,对提高水污染防治的效能的常规方法和实践效果进行评价,提出了一个新的思路,即政府间相互制衡的办法,提高地方政府贯彻执行水污染防治法的动力。最后,对制衡原则进行了理论上的分析,提出了建立流域管理委员会以运行制衡机制的设想。
[Abstract]:In order to control water pollution in the river basin, the central government and local governments have invested a great deal of manpower and material resources, and adopted a series of measures, including a large amount of capital investment, and formulated a series of policies and regulations, but the effect is not good. The water pollution situation is still worsening. At present, there are many laws and regulations concerning the prevention and control of water pollution in watersheds. However, in fact, these laws and regulations cannot be effectively implemented. The law stipulates that the primary responsibility for the prevention and control of water pollution in watersheds rests with the local people's governments and all administrative divisions in a watershed, all of which have the protection of the watershed environment. However, under the current situation of administrative decentralization, the administrative districts in the watershed are more likely to demand from the basin and indulge in the discharge of pollutants from the environmental management. This is the root cause of the weak implementation of the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law. The author believes that the responsibilities of the government of the administrative region in the basin should be clarified and the mechanism of checks and balances between the governments in the basin should be established. It can improve the power of the local government to carry out the water pollution prevention and control law, and is an effective way to control the water pollution in the river basin. In the past, scholars did not declare checks and balances as a basic principle of the Watershed Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, but checks and balances are the proper meaning of watershed water pollution prevention, especially transboundary water pollution control. Moreover, the development of the Watershed Water pollution Prevention and Control Law itself has adopted more and more checks and balances. It is the purpose of this paper to make the local government in the basin seek the balance point of the whole benefit and the self-interest of the basin based on different interest demands and various restricting forces, and improve the effect of water pollution control in the basin. This paper first investigates the contradiction between the technology, law and effect of water pollution control in our country, and summarizes the reasons for the poor water pollution prevention and control by scholars and officials. Secondly, Based on the characteristics of river basin integrity and river basin water pollution, it is concluded that the dispersion of water pollution prevention and control measures in China can not meet the requirements of such integrity. This paper evaluates the conventional methods and practical effects of improving the effectiveness of water pollution prevention and control, and puts forward a new way of thinking, that is, the method of checks and balances between governments, to enhance the impetus for local governments to carry out the water pollution prevention and control law. Finally, The principle of checks and balances is analyzed theoretically, and the idea of establishing a watershed management committee to run the check and balance mechanism is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】