建立我国水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼的路径

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:45

本文选题：环境　切入点：公益诉讼　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的经济迅猛发展,但随之而来的是环境问题的不断恶化,尤其是水污染事故频频发生。水污染通常会影响不同行政区域的环境,在造成经济上的重大损失和生态上的严重破坏的同时,还会引起许多相邻地区之间的矛盾和冲突。由于我国没有建立相关的环境公益诉讼制度,这些矛盾和冲突很难得到有效解决。我国环境公益诉讼不能建立的主要原因是制度预设不足,即诉讼缺乏法律依据。我国《水污染防治法》规定跨行政区域的水污染纠纷由有关的地方人民政府或其共同的上级人民政府协调解决;《民法通则》与《水污染防治法》规定当事人可以请求水污染损害赔偿。但是法律对于政府协调的法律效力、协调权限和损害赔偿的程序都没有做出具体规定,现行的水污染纠纷处理机制无法真正保证水污染中受害人的合法利益。所以,我国有必要建立一种比较科学并且可操作性强的水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼机制。通过对国外水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼制度进行考察可知,美国有世界上最发达和成熟的环境公益诉讼机制,美国《清洁水法》直接通过立法规定任何公民可以代表自己提起民事诉讼,该规定为水污染纠纷诉讼提供了法律上的依据。日本的水污染环境公益诉讼较为完善,其制定了一系列法律为水污染环境公益诉讼提供法律依据,同时建立了完善的水质监测体制,加大了对生活污水的处理力度,对某些特殊区域实施排水总量控制。而印度通过公益诉讼诉诸法院来解决重大的环境纠纷,以直接立法明确环境公民诉讼的被告,确认了扩大起诉资格要件的合法性。这三个国家的水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼的模式对我国水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼的建立具有借鉴意义。由此,通过对我国水污染纠纷处理机制的现状的分析和国外的先进经验的借鉴,我们可以按照改良的基本态度和思路,通过法律解释的方法探索建立我国水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼的路径,即在我国已经颁布的法律、法规及司法解释中为水污染纠纷环境公益诉讼中主体资格、法院受理问题等寻找法律依据并进行扩大解释。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the economy of our country has developed rapidly, but with it the environmental problems have been getting worse, especially water pollution accidents occur frequently. Water pollution usually affects the environment of different administrative regions. While causing great economic losses and serious ecological damage, it will also lead to contradictions and conflicts between many adjacent regions. Since China has not established a relevant system of environmental public interest litigation, These contradictions and conflicts are difficult to resolve effectively. The main reason why environmental public interest litigation can not be established in our country is the deficiency of system presupposition. That is the lack of legal basis for litigation. The Water pollution Prevention and Control Law of China stipulates that water pollution disputes across administrative areas shall be resolved in coordination between the relevant local people's governments or their common higher people's governments; General principles of Civil Law and < Water pollution Prevention and Control >. The law provides that the party concerned may claim compensation for water pollution damage. But the legal effect of the law on government coordination, There are no specific provisions in the procedures for coordinating authority and compensation for damages. The existing water pollution dispute handling mechanism cannot really guarantee the legitimate interests of the victims in water pollution. It is necessary to establish a more scientific and operable mechanism for environmental public interest litigation in water pollution disputes. Through the investigation of the environmental public interest litigation system in foreign water pollution disputes, we can see that the United States has the most developed and mature environmental public interest litigation mechanism in the world. The Clean Water Act of the United States provides that any citizen can file a civil action on his own behalf directly through legislation, which provides a legal basis for water pollution dispute litigation. It has formulated a series of laws to provide a legal basis for the public interest litigation on water pollution, at the same time, it has established a perfect water quality monitoring system and increased the treatment of domestic sewage. Some special areas are subject to total drainage control. India, by resorting to public interest litigation to the courts to resolve major environmental disputes, directly legislates to clarify the defendants of environmental civil litigation. The models of environmental public interest litigation in water pollution disputes in these three countries have reference significance to the establishment of environmental public interest litigation in water pollution disputes in China. As a result, through the analysis of the present situation of the water pollution dispute handling mechanism in China and the reference of foreign advanced experience, we can follow the basic attitude and train of thought of improvement. Through the method of legal interpretation, this paper explores the path of establishing environmental public interest litigation in water pollution disputes in China, that is, the subject qualification in environmental public interest litigation of water pollution disputes in the laws, regulations and judicial interpretations that have been promulgated in our country. The court accepts the question to look for the legal basis and carries on the expansion explanation.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925;D922.68

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