论排除危害环境民事责任之适用

发布时间：2018-04-01 04:34

本文选题：排除危害　切入点：《侵权责任法》　出处：《福州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：通常，环境民事责任包含“排除危害”和“损害赔偿”两种责任方式。其中，排除危害环境民事责任具有预防性、非补偿性、公益性等特点，相较于侧重事后救济的损害赔偿来说，是一种更为积极的环境民事责任方式。但是，在我国司法实践中却存在重损害赔偿而轻排除危害的现象，本文以排除危害环境民事责任为研究对象，，着重研究其适用问题，试图通过对排除危害基本理论、司法实践的现状及原由的研究，为排除危害责任的适用提供理论支持，并对完善排除危害环境民事责任提出一些建议。本文第一章，主要论述了排除危害环境民事责任的内涵、请求权依据、责任承担方式和存在必要性等基本理论，目的在于对排除危害环境民事责任有一个初步的认识。第二章主要论述了排除危害环境民事责任在我国司法适用中的现状，并从排除危害责任自身、实体法、程序法等方面入手分析造成我国轻排除危害这一现状的原因。笔者认为，排除危害自身具有确定难、执行难等弱点，实体法规定特别是对排除危害构成要件规定不足，法学界对其构成要件也未达成一致，程序法对排除危害请求的起诉资格、救济程序及举证责任等的规定也存在缺陷，这些都造成了法院对排除危害请求的态度多为不予受理或驳回诉讼请求。但是《侵权责任法》整合了以往法律法规中对环境侵权责任不一致的规定，全面规范了民事审判活动，实现了法律适用的统一化，排除危害的司法适用将出现新的变化。第三章主要提出完善排除危害适用的两个建议，包括环境民事公诉制度的建立和利益衡量原则的规范。由于环境法学理论和实践的不足，在我国建立环境公益诉讼还需要很长时间的努力，可以先建立环境民事公诉制度作为过渡；借鉴美国、德国、日本关于利益衡量的经验，在《环境保护法》总则中规定利益衡量原则，并明确规定利益衡量的内容、范围、标准，以规范利益衡量原则的运用。
[Abstract]:Usually, environmental civil liability includes two kinds of liability: eliminating harm and compensation for damages.Among them, exclusion of civil liability for harm to the environment has the characteristics of preventive, non-compensatory, public welfare and so on. It is a more active way of environmental civil liability than the compensation for damages which focuses on relief after the event.However, in the judicial practice of our country, there exists the phenomenon of emphasizing compensation for damages rather than excluding harm. This paper focuses on the study of the application of civil liability for environmental hazards, and tries to study the basic theory of excluding harm by means of the basic theory of excluding harm.The research on the present situation and reasons of judicial practice provides theoretical support for the application of the exclusion of hazard liability, and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the civil liability for the exclusion of harm to the environment.The first chapter of this paper mainly discusses the connotation of civil liability for excluding environmental hazards, the basis of claim, the way of liability assumption and the necessity of existence. The purpose of this theory is to have a preliminary understanding of the exclusion of civil liability for harm to the environment.The second chapter mainly discusses the current situation of the civil liability for excluding harm to the environment in the judicial application of our country, and analyzes the reasons for this situation from the aspects of excluding the harm liability itself, substantive law, procedural law and so on.The author believes that the exclusion of harm itself has its own weaknesses, such as difficult to determine, difficult to implement, the substantive law provisions, especially for the exclusion of the constitutive elements of harm is inadequate, the legal community has not reached a consensus on its constituent elements.The procedural law also has defects in the qualification of prosecution, relief procedure and burden of proof, which result in the court's attitude towards the request for excluding harm is mostly inadmissibility or rejection of the claim.However, the Tort liability Law integrates the inconsistent provisions of the previous laws and regulations on the environmental tort liability, comprehensively standardizes the civil trial activities, realizes the unification of the application of the law, and will bring about new changes in the judicial application of eliminating harm.The third chapter mainly puts forward two suggestions to perfect the application of eliminating harm, including the establishment of the environmental civil prosecution system and the criterion of the principle of interest measurement.Due to the deficiency of environmental law theory and practice, it takes a long time to establish environmental public interest litigation in our country.The principle of interest measurement is stipulated in the general principles of Environmental Protection Law, and the content, scope and standard of interest measurement are clearly defined in order to standardize the application of the principle of interest measurement.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

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