政府环境责任公众问责法律机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 12:33

本文选题：政府环境责任 + 公众问责　；参考：《山西财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“保护环境，政府先行”。在人类社会发展进程中，政府对环境保护始终具有不可推卸的责任。然而当政府对环境保护管理决策失误、管理失控的时候，“政府失灵”现象便不可避免。这种现象的产生，虽受到社会发展水平的制约，但政府环境责任问责机制的不完善也是其重要因素之一。因此，我国要借鉴各国政府在处理环境问题时的宝贵经验，汲取有利教训，积极寻找符合中国国情的解决办法，本文试图从环境责任的公众问责角度加以分析，力求提出更好的建议以完善环境保护立法机制。主要分为四部分：第一部分：对“政府环境责任”和“公众问责”的基本概念进行了较为详细的分析，并对“政府”和“责任”的外延进一步明确。此外，通过系统阐述环境公共财产、公共信托和环境权等理论，，使对政府环境责任进行问责的主体资格得以证明。第二部：从政府环境责任公众问责的现状及构建其机制的必要性两方面来阐述。由于公众问责具有自身的优势，在环境法治建设中起着重要的作用。当下的中国，公众对政府环境责任问责的现状并不理想，主要表现为公众问责意识差，公众问责的权利基础不牢固，公众问责渠道不畅通，公众问责保障机制不完善等问题。第三部分：通过介绍外国环境保护立法中公众对政府环境责任问责情况，分析中国环境保护法律机制存在的不足，借鉴相关经验，结合国情，选择适合中国的政府环境责任机制。第四部分：总结经验，吸取教训，提出完善我国政府环境责任问责机制立法的建议。以行政公开原则、公众参与原则作为立法完善的基本原则，将行政法理念和环境法理念两者有机结合，提出合理的立法完善路径：建议出台专门的环境教育法，明确公民的环境权，构建环境行政公益诉讼制度，完善政府环境信息公开制度等措施，为公众对政府环境责任提供畅通的问责渠道。
[Abstract]:To protect the environment, the government takes the lead.In the course of the development of human society, the government always has an unshirkable responsibility for environmental protection.However, when the government makes mistakes in the management of environmental protection and loses control of the management, the phenomenon of "government failure" is inevitable.Although the emergence of this phenomenon is restricted by the level of social development, the imperfection of the accountability mechanism of government environmental responsibility is one of its important factors.Therefore, our country should draw lessons from the valuable experience of governments in dealing with environmental problems, learn from beneficial lessons, and actively seek solutions suitable to China's national conditions. This paper attempts to analyze the problems from the perspective of public accountability for environmental responsibility.Strive to put forward better suggestions to improve the legislative mechanism of environmental protection.It is divided into four parts:The first part: the basic concepts of "government environmental responsibility" and "public accountability" are analyzed in detail, and the extension of "government" and "responsibility" is further clarified.In addition, the theories of environmental public property, public trust and environmental right are expounded systematically to prove the subject qualification of government environmental responsibility.The second part: from the government environmental responsibility public accountability status and the necessity of building its mechanism to elaborate.As public accountability has its own advantages, it plays an important role in the construction of environmental rule of law.In current China, the current situation of public accountability for government environmental responsibility is not ideal, mainly for the poor public accountability awareness, public accountability rights foundation is not solid, public accountability channels are not smooth, public accountability protection mechanism is not perfect and so on.The third part: by introducing the public accountability to the environmental responsibility of the government in foreign environmental protection legislation, the author analyzes the shortcomings of China's environmental protection legal mechanism, draws lessons from relevant experience, and combines with the national conditions.Choose the government environmental responsibility mechanism suitable for China.The fourth part: summing up the experience, drawing lessons, putting forward the suggestion of perfecting our government's environmental responsibility accountability mechanism legislation.Taking the principle of administrative openness and the principle of public participation as the basic principle of legislative perfection, combining the idea of administrative law with the idea of environmental law organically, this paper puts forward the reasonable path of legislative perfection: proposing the introduction of special environmental education law,Such measures as clarifying citizens' environmental rights, constructing environmental administrative public interest litigation system, perfecting government environmental information disclosure system, and so on, can provide the public with unimpeded channels of accountability for government environmental responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6;D922.1

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