海洋油污刑事责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 04:11

本文选题：海洋油污 + 刑事责任　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着美国墨西哥湾漏油事件、大连储油罐爆炸事件的发生,海洋油污问题引起社会广泛关注。在社会更加重视环境保护与可持续发展的背景下,如何在发展经济的同时防止海洋油污事故的发生成为困扰我们的难题。海洋油污刑事责任是人们审视海洋油污现象的一个重要方面。我国海洋油污刑事责任研究起步较晚,研究的学者较少,但理论成果已经涉及责任的哲学基础、犯罪客体、法益确定、机制完善、立法技术等方面。国内学者一致主张对严重海洋油污行为追究刑事责任,但深入系统论述的较少。本文总结了海洋油污刑事责任在国内外的发展与现状,深入论证了海洋油污刑事责任在责任体系中的重要性及生态利益保护对海洋油污刑事责任的要求,提出了对严重海洋油污行为追究刑事责任的必要性。重点分析了我国海洋油污刑事立法和刑事追究机制存在的问题,并对我国海洋油污刑事立法和追究机制问题提出了一些初步看法。本文共分为四部分。第一部分,海洋油污及刑事立法。该部分对刑法学角度下的海洋油污进行界定,简要介绍了国际、国内海洋油污事故概况,以及国际、国内海洋油污刑事责任的立法情况,总结了海洋油污刑事责任立法过程中的价值冲突及海洋油污刑事立法未来发展方向。第二部分,海洋油污刑事司法实践。该部分介绍了世界各国及我国海洋油污刑事司法实践的情况,并结合第一部分内容总结海洋油污刑事司法的发展规律、经验教训,为我国理论研究和司法实践提供参考。第三部分,海洋油污刑事责任承担的理论论证。重点论述对严重海洋油污行为追究刑事责任的必要性,并论证了海洋油污刑事责任是民事责任、行政责任等其他手段无法替代的,是保护生态法益的时代特征所要求的。第四部分,我国海洋油污刑事责任完善。提出我国海洋油污刑事立法存在的问题一方面是缺少先进立法指导思想,另一个方面是法律规定针对性差。在追究机制方面应及时建立、完善海洋油污事故监测机制、油污鉴定机构,提高证据保全意识。
[Abstract]:With the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and the explosion of the oil storage tank in Dalian, the problem of marine oil pollution has aroused widespread concern.Under the background that society pays more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, how to prevent the occurrence of marine oil pollution accidents while developing economy has become a difficult problem for us.The criminal liability of marine oil pollution is an important aspect for people to examine the phenomenon of ocean oil pollution.The research on the criminal liability of marine oil pollution in China started late, but the theoretical achievements have been related to the philosophical basis of liability, the object of crime, the determination of legal interests, the perfection of mechanism, the legislative technology and so on.Domestic scholars unanimously advocate to investigate criminal liability for serious marine oil pollution, but less deeply and systematically discuss it.This paper summarizes the development and present situation of the criminal liability of marine oil pollution at home and abroad, and demonstrates the importance of the criminal liability of marine oil pollution in the liability system and the requirements of the protection of ecological interests to the criminal liability for marine oil pollution.The necessity of investigating criminal responsibility for serious marine oil pollution is put forward.The problems existing in criminal legislation and criminal investigation mechanism of marine oil pollution in China are analyzed emphatically, and some preliminary views on criminal legislation and investigation mechanism of marine oil pollution in China are put forward.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part, marine oil pollution and criminal legislation.This part defines marine oil pollution from the angle of criminal law, briefly introduces the general situation of international and domestic marine oil pollution accidents, as well as the legislative situation of international and domestic criminal liability for marine oil pollution.This paper summarizes the value conflict in the process of criminal liability legislation of marine oil pollution and the future development direction of marine oil pollution criminal legislation.The second part, the criminal judicial practice of ocean oil pollution.This part introduces the criminal judicial practice of marine oil pollution in the world and our country, and summarizes the development law and lessons of the criminal justice of marine oil pollution combined with the content of the first part, which provides a reference for the theoretical research and judicial practice of our country.The third part, the theory argumentation of the criminal liability of marine oil pollution.This paper mainly discusses the necessity of investigating criminal liability for serious marine oil pollution, and demonstrates that the criminal liability of marine oil pollution is irreplaceable by other means, such as civil liability and administrative liability, and is required by the characteristics of the times of protecting ecological legal benefits.The fourth part, our country ocean oil pollution criminal responsibility consummation.It is pointed out that the problems existing in the criminal legislation of marine oil pollution in China are, on the one hand, the lack of the guiding ideology of advanced legislation, and the other is the lack of pertinence of the legal provisions.The investigation mechanism should be set up in time, the monitoring mechanism of marine oil pollution accident should be perfected, the oil pollution appraisal organization should be established, and the consciousness of evidence preservation should be improved.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D924

【引证文献】