我国强制性环境责任保险制度的构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 10:00

本文选题：环境 + 责任保险　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国正处于环境污染事故的高发期,环境污染事件屡屡出现,不时给人们敲响警钟。环境污染问题也是“两会”代表委员和社会大众关注的焦点之一。去年底发生的山西天脊化工苯胺泄漏事故至今仍让人记忆犹新,当事企业真切的感受到了环境责任保险的实在作用。但目前我国的环境保护法律不健全,还未能很好地利用环境责任保险制度解决污染发生后的损害赔偿与环境治理问题.其根本原因在于我国的环境责任保险制度采取的是任意性的环境投保模式,我国没有从法律的高度规定实行强制性环境责任保险。目前涉及到的强制性环境责任保险不仅种类少,范围窄,且操作性也不强,无法可依。加上我国的企业环境风险意识差,不愿意主动投保,大多企业存在侥幸心理,认为事故不一定会发生在自己身上,没必要掏钱投保。在目前法制环境、企业意识都不到位的情况下,以强制的手段推行环境责任保险具有现实紧迫性,是市场培育的一种过程。纵观世界各国,强制责任保险模式是世界发展的主流,大势所趋。虽然我国目前经济发展水平还赶不上发达国家,但是处于社会转型期间的中国,随着工业化,城镇化,市场化以及国际化的不断深入开展,人口,资源,环境矛盾日趋显现并不断深化,环境污染状况和其他发达国家几十年前没什么两样,或者说我们的污染现状更为严重。作为后起的发展中国家,我们有借鉴学习其他发达国家环境保险的优势,汲取其精华,剔除其糟粕,我们完全可以避免走发达国家的污染老路。因此在我国实行强制性环境责任保险完全具有可行性和操作性。本文通过对我国环境责任保险的发展概况和试点进行分析,再结合发达国家的环境责任保险制度状况,提出在我国实行以强制责任为主,任意责任为辅的环境责任保险模式,最后对如何构建我国的强制性环境责任保险提出了一些建议和思考。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the period of high incidence of environmental pollution accidents.The issue of environmental pollution is also one of the focal points of the NPC and CPPCC deputies and the public.The accident of Shanxi Tianji chemical aniline leakage at the end of last year is still fresh in people's memory, and the enterprises concerned really feel the real effect of environmental liability insurance.However, the environmental protection laws in our country are not perfect at present, and the environmental liability insurance system has not been used to solve the problem of compensation for damages and environmental management after pollution.The fundamental reason is that our country's environmental liability insurance system adopts an arbitrary mode of environmental insurance, and our country does not carry out compulsory environmental liability insurance from the height of the law.At present, the compulsory environmental liability insurance is not only a few kinds, narrow scope, but also not strong operational, can not be relied on.Add to our country's enterprise environmental risk consciousness is poor, do not want to take the initiative to insure, most enterprises have lucky psychology, think the accident does not necessarily happen to oneself, do not need to pay to insure.In the current legal environment and the lack of enterprise consciousness, it is urgent to carry out environmental liability insurance by compulsory means, which is a process of market cultivation.Throughout the world, compulsory liability insurance model is the mainstream of world development, the general trend.Although China's current level of economic development is still not comparable to that of developed countries, China is in the process of social transformation. With the deepening development of industrialization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization, population, resources,Environmental contradictions are becoming increasingly apparent and deepening. The environmental pollution situation is no different from that of other developed countries decades ago, or our pollution situation is even more serious.As a late developing country, we can learn from the advantage of other developed countries' environmental insurance, absorb its essence and eliminate its dross, we can completely avoid the old way of pollution in developed countries.Therefore, the implementation of compulsory environmental liability insurance in China is completely feasible and operational.Based on the analysis of the development and pilot of environmental liability insurance in China, and combining the status of environmental liability insurance system in developed countries, this paper puts forward a model of environmental liability insurance in China, which is based on compulsory liability and supplemented by arbitrary liability.Finally, some suggestions and thoughts on how to construct compulsory environmental liability insurance in China are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.284

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