浅析环境侵权损害社会化救济的基金制度

发布时间：2018-04-15 11:00

本文选题：社会化救济 + 企业互助基金　；参考：《生态经济》2014年06期

【摘要】：环境污染损害事件中最复杂、最棘手的问题是对受害人的补偿。从兼顾效率与公平两大价值来看,我国应建立企业互助基金和政府救助基金制度。企业互助基金是由危险相近的企业或同行业的潜在污染企业通过缴纳基金份额形成风险基金,当其中某一企业因环境侵权而被索赔时,先由该基金支付赔偿,其后再对被索赔的企业追偿,体现了"污染者负担"原则。当加害人难以确定或加害人破产或者被撤销主体资格,而受害人又急需救助等特殊情形时,应通过政府救助基金对受害人予以及时有效的补偿。政府救助基金由政府主导建立,是政府承担环境民事责任的体现,可以对企业互助基金难以适用的部分环境损害予以一定补充赔偿。因此,企业互助基金和政府救助基金有机地构成了完整的环境损害社会化救济的基金制度。
[Abstract]:The most complicated and intractable problem in environmental pollution damage is the compensation of the victims.According to the two values of efficiency and fairness, we should establish the mutual fund of enterprises and the system of government rescue fund.An enterprise mutual fund is a venture fund formed by an enterprise with similar risks or a potentially polluting enterprise in the same industry by paying a share of the fund. When one of the enterprises is claimed for environmental infringement, the fund shall pay compensation first.Subsequently, the recovery of the claim reflects the "polluter burden" principle.When it is difficult for the offender to determine or cancel the subject's qualification, and the victim is in urgent need of assistance, the victim should be compensated promptly and effectively through the government rescue fund.The government rescue fund is set up by the government, which is the embodiment of the civil liability of the government. It can compensate some environmental damage which is difficult to apply to the mutual fund of enterprises.Therefore, mutual funds and government rescue funds organically constitute a complete social relief fund system for environmental damage.
【作者单位】：浙江农林大学环境法治与社会发展研究中心;
【基金】：浙江省哲学与社会科学规划课题“重大环境污染事故的社会救助基金制度研究”(12JCFX07YB) 浙江省法学会课题“重大环境污染事故的多元化救济制度研究”(2013NA21)
【分类号】：D923;D922.6

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