中国水权制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 12:44

本文选题：水权 + 初始分配　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文从对世界水资源危机和中国水资源紧缺的现实矛盾的概述入手,分析了水资源的利害两重性与稀缺性等基本特性,继而引出水资源及其权属管理的论题。文章概述了国内外关于水权制度的研究情况,总结分析了国外基本水权理论和水权制度,研究分析了国外水权交易和水市场建设及水价体系的构建,剖析了中国水权制度建设现状,并对中国水权初始分配与再分配即水权交易进行了实证研究,在对国内外水权理论与实践比较研究的基础上,提出了中国水权制度建设的着力点与基本思路。在水权基本理论研究分析方面,基于用水库兹涅茨曲线和用水经济增长弹性规律对中国水资源利用现状及发展趋势进行了分析,基于公共物品理论对水资源特性进行了分析,基于现代产权理论对水权的内涵和特性进行了分析,为水权制度研究分析打下了基础。在国外水权制度的建立与演变总结分析方面,着重从初始水权的界定和使用权获取的角度分析了国外基本水权制度,剖析了国外水权交易与水市场建设,研究了国外水价体系,总结了国外水权制度建设的经验及典型国家的主要做法,重点总结了可供中国借鉴的三个方面的经验,即加强水资源的统一管理,探索建立科学的水权制度,建立健全水法规,其中对美国、法国、以色列、墨西哥等一些典型国家的主要做法分别进行了总结；思考了国外水权制度建设经验对中国水权制度建设的三点启示,即因时因地制宜是建立切合实际的水权制度的首要理念,明晰水权是加强水资源管理的根本措施,水权交易是实现水资源优化配置的有效途径。在中国水权制度的建立与发展总结分析方面,阐述了中国水权制度建设概况,分析了中国水权初始分配、水权交易和水价实践,剖析了中国水权初始分配和水权交易方面的典型案例,总结分析了中国水权制度建设存在的主要问题及其成因。在中国水权分配与交易的实证研究方面,以湖北农业供水两部制水价改革为典型案例,对水权初始分配中的水价实践进行了实证研究,提出了农业供水两部制水价改革的对策建议；对跨区域水权交易案例南水北调的水权与水市场进行了分析,并采用基于水资源生产函数的水资源贡献度和水资源贡献率计算方法,定量分析了南水北调前后水资源对郑州市区域国内生产总值的贡献；对跨行业水权交易进行了实证研究,采用回归分析方法对农业水权向工业水权转让的可行性进行了分析,并以武汉市为例,采用模糊综合评价法对武汉市被转让挤占的农业水权及其补偿额度进行了测算。在建立和完善中国水权制度的对策研究方面,借鉴国外水权制度建设方面的成功经验,针对中国水权制度建设方面存在的问题并结合实际情况,提出了关于中国水权制度建设的五个方面的对策与建议：一是深化水资源管理体制改革,通过对水资源配置的均衡分析,提出了水资源配置的制度优化方案,即把政府管制与市场机制有机结合起来,建立政府宏观调控、民主协商、水市场调节和用水户参与相结合的水资源配置和运行管理模式,同时从宏观角度分析提出实行最严格的水资源管理制度是优化政府管制的重要途径,提出应建立健全流域水资源统一管理、区域涉水事务一体化管理的水资源统一管理体制；二是建立健全水权初始分配体系,提出了水权初始分配必须坚持的原则、水权初始分配体系建设及关键环节；三是建立健全水权交易体系,剖析了水权交易的动因及效应,分析了可交易水权,提出了水市场建设思路；四是建立科学的水价体系,分析了水价的科学内涵和影响水价形成的关键因子,提出了水价体系构建建议；五是加强水法规体系建设,重点是明确界定水权概念,建立水权界定和交易法规体系,尝试建立水资源使用权划拨、出让、转让制度,建立健全监督管理体制等。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with an overview of the contradictions between the world water resources crisis and the shortage of water resources in China , analyses the basic characteristics of water rights system in China and abroad , and summarizes the basic water rights theory and water rights system in foreign countries .

Based on the analysis of water resources utilization situation and development trend of China based on the water - based Kuznets curve and water economic growth elasticity law , the paper analyzes the connotation and characteristics of water right based on the theory of modern property right , and lays a foundation for the research and analysis of water rights system .

On the basis of the analysis of the establishment and evolution of the water rights system abroad , the basic water rights system in foreign countries is emphatically analyzed from the definition of the initial water right and the acquisition of the right to use , the foreign water price system is analyzed , the experience of the construction of the water right system abroad and the main practice of the typical country are summarized .
The three - point revelation of the construction of water right system in China is thought of the experience of the construction of water right system abroad , that is , it is the first idea to establish a practical water right system , and the clear water right is the fundamental measure to strengthen water resources management . Water right transaction is an effective way to realize the optimal allocation of water resources .

On the basis of the analysis of the establishment and development of China ' s water rights system , this paper expounds the general situation of China ' s water rights system , analyzes the typical case of China ' s water rights initial distribution , water right transaction and water price practice , analyzes the typical case of China ' s water right initial distribution and water right transaction , and summarizes the main problems and causes of China ' s water rights system construction .

On the basis of the empirical research of water rights distribution and transaction in China , the water price reform in Hubei agriculture water supply is a typical case , and the water price practice in the initial distribution of water rights is studied empirically .
This paper analyzes the water rights and water market in the South - to - North Water Transfer in the case of trans - regional water right transaction , and makes a quantitative analysis of the contribution of water resources to the regional GDP of Zhengzhou before and after the North Water Diversion Project , based on the water resources contribution and the water resources contribution rate calculation method .
In this paper , the feasibility of the transfer of agricultural water right to industrial water right is analyzed by the regression analysis method , and the agricultural water right and its compensation amount in Wuhan city are calculated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method .

On the basis of the successful experience in the construction of water rights system in China , the author puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions on the construction of water rights system in China by drawing on the successful experience of water right system construction in China , and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on the construction of water rights system in China .
Second , establish and perfect the initial distribution system of water right , put forward the principle of the initial allocation of water right , the construction of initial distribution system of water right and the key link ;
Third , establish and perfect the water right trading system , analyze the reason and effect of the water right transaction , analyze the water right of tradable water , and put forward the idea of water market construction ;
Fourthly , establishing a scientific water price system , analyzing the scientific connotation of the water price and the key factor influencing the formation of water price , and putting forward the proposal of constructing the water price system ;
The fifth is to strengthen the construction of the water regulation system , with the emphasis on clearly defining the concept of water rights , establishing the water right definition and trading regulation system , trying to establish the allocation of the right to use the water resources , the transfer system , establishing and perfecting the supervision and administration system , etc .

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.66

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