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我国城市生活垃圾处置收费制度研究

发布时间:2018-04-19 01:34

  本文选题:城市生活垃圾 + 收费 ; 参考:《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文


【摘要】:城市生活垃圾处置收费制度主要是指行政性收费,即环境保护主管部门或经我国法律、法规授权的单位,按照法规或规章所规定的收费标准,向城市生活垃圾的产生者、排放者收取一定费用,用于城市生活垃圾的处理和循环利用。城市生活垃圾收费制度是“污染者付费”原则的具体体现,不仅为城市生活垃圾的有效处理提供了资金保障,更通过提高公众环保意识促进了垃圾的减量化和资源化。 我国城市生活垃圾处置收费制度的立法已初具雏形,但仍存在立法层次较低、法律规定过于原则、收费标准不统一、均等定额制收费模式已明显滞后、法律责任追究机制不完善等诸多问题,有些地方还出现了重复收费和乱收费现象。但整体上垃圾处理费的开征率和实际收缴率较低,而垃圾处理费的使用又缺乏监督,导致现行的制度体系无法为城市生活垃圾的管理发挥作用。 垃圾收费作为实现垃圾资源化的重要经济制度,其建立和实施有利于实现生产、流通和消费等过程中的减量化、再利用、资源化,是发展循环经济的重要内容;从外部性理论对垃圾处置收费制度进行考量,该制度的设计是运用经济刺激手段治理垃圾污染,使垃圾排放所引起的环境问题通过市场价格反映出来,将这种外部不经济性内部化;垃圾排放作为一项“准公共事务”,可由政府直接供给,也可由市场供给,政府作为直接供给者,可通过收费的方式来弥补其成本;通过对制度选择上的成本有效性进行分析,不难发现,对固体生活垃圾的收集和处理进行直接定价是生活垃圾管理的最优制度选择。而各地对城市生活垃圾收费制度的实践,及国外在城市生活垃圾处置收费制度上的成功经验,也为更为我国的制度完善提供了可行性的基础。 将城市生活垃圾处置收费制度完全纳入国家法律,实属不必,不仅不利于其灵活性,更影响其具体性和可操作性。城市生活垃圾处置收费制度的建设可从部门规章和地方立法入手,明确城市生活垃圾处置费征收的主管部门,确定征收途径;实现城市生活垃圾收费模式由均等定额制向计量制的转变;通过银行缴费系统等多渠道确保垃圾处理费的收缴,建立严格的垃圾处理费管理体系,引入奖励机制,加强公众监督,防止相关单位或个人将垃圾处理费擅自留用或挪作他用;从生产者、垃圾排放者、收费主体、缴费主体等不同的责任主体入手,建立更加严格和规范的责任追究机制。
[Abstract]:The charging system for municipal domestic waste disposal mainly refers to administrative charges, that is, environmental protection authorities or units authorized by the laws and regulations of our country, in accordance with the charging standards prescribed by the regulations or rules, to the producers of municipal domestic waste,Emitters charge a fee for the disposal and recycling of municipal solid waste.The charging system of municipal solid waste (MSW) is the concrete embodiment of the "polluter pays" principle, which not only provides financial guarantee for the effective disposal of municipal solid waste, but also promotes the reduction and utilization of garbage by raising public awareness of environmental protection.The legislation of charging system for municipal solid waste disposal in our country has already taken shape, but there are still lower levels of legislation, too principles of legal provisions, disunity of charging standards, and the pattern of equal scale charging has lagged behind obviously.Legal liability investigation mechanism is not perfect and so on, some places also appear the phenomenon of repeated charge and random charge.But on the whole, the collection rate and collection rate of garbage disposal fee are low, and the use of waste disposal fee is lack of supervision, resulting in the current system system can not play a role in the management of municipal solid waste.As an important economic system to realize the recycling of garbage, the establishment and implementation of garbage charge is conducive to the realization of production, circulation and consumption in the process of reduction, reuse, resource, is an important content of the development of circular economy;Considering the waste disposal charge system from the externality theory, the system is designed to use economic incentives to control garbage pollution, so that the environmental problems caused by garbage emissions can be reflected through the market price.As a "quasi-public affair", garbage emission can be directly supplied by the government or supplied by the market, and the government as the direct supplier can make up its cost by charging fees.By analyzing the cost effectiveness of system selection, it is not difficult to find that the direct pricing of solid waste collection and disposal is the best system choice for MSW management.The practice of charging system for municipal solid waste and the successful experience of foreign countries in the charge system of municipal solid waste disposal also provide a feasible basis for the perfection of the system in our country.It is not necessary to bring the charging system of municipal solid waste disposal into the national law, which is not only unfavorable to its flexibility, but also affects its concreteness and maneuverability.The construction of municipal solid waste disposal charge system can be started from the department regulations and local legislation, the department in charge of municipal solid waste disposal fee collection should be defined, and the way of collection should be determined.To realize the change from equal quota system to metering system, to ensure the collection of garbage disposal fee through various channels such as bank payment system, to establish a strict management system of garbage disposal fee, and to introduce a reward mechanism.Strengthening public supervision to prevent relevant units or individuals from withholding or diverting garbage disposal fees for other purposes without authorization; starting with different responsibility subjects such as producers, waste emitters, charge payers, payers, etc.Establish a more stringent and standardized accountability mechanism.
【学位授予单位】:中国政法大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:D922.68

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前1条

1 王干;;论我国生产者责任延伸制度的完善[J];现代法学;2006年04期

相关硕士学位论文 前5条

1 孙沐雨;行政收费制度研究[D];吉林大学;2007年

2 阮艳;中国行政收费制度的完善[D];湖南大学;2007年

3 高音;我国城市生活垃圾污染防治立法研究[D];西安建筑科技大学;2008年

4 何文初;我国城市生活垃圾污染防治的立法研究[D];湖南师范大学;2003年

5 陈小安;准公共产品供给与定价的理论和实践研究[D];西南财经大学;2002年



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