我国湿地保护的立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 21:24

本文选题：湿地 + 湿地保护　；参考：《中国地质大学（北京）》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 湿地与森林、海洋并称为全球三大生态系统,湿地兼具经济价值和生态价值,湿地具有保持水源、净化水质、蓄洪防旱、调节气候和维护生物多样性等生态功能,健康的湿地生态系统是国家生态安全的重要组成部分和经济社会可持续发展的重要基础。保护湿地,对于维护生态平衡,改善生态状况,促进人与自然和谐具有重要的意义。我国的湿地利用与保护现状存在着诸多问题,我们关注的是怎样从立法上解决这些问题。本文首先从湿地的概述入手,介绍湿地的功能,尤其突出了湿地的生态功能,但由于我们对湿地缺乏足够的认识,在开发的过程中往往只是索取而缺乏有效的保护,导致了湿地面积萎缩、污染加剧、湿地生物多样性下降,从而降低了湿地的整体效益。湿地为何没有充分的保护,一个主要的原因是湿地管理体系薄弱,参与湿地保护的部门多而杂,缺乏统筹协调,导致湿地管理的效率下降,另一个重要的原因是湿地保护的立法存在一系列的问题,湿地保护缺乏体系化的法律保障。我国目前没有专门的湿地保护立法,湿地保护尚依赖亟待修改的环境保护基本法及传统的资源法,由于环境保护基本法对于生态保护的规定较少及传统的资源立法过多的重视湿地的经济价值,而忽视湿地的生态价值,现有的法律难以有效的保护湿地,为了维护我国的生态安全,尽快进行专门的湿地保护立法迫在眉睫。对于湿地保护的法律研究,许多国家都处于领先地位,有成功的经验,比如说美国注重法律之间的协调,而日本则是湿地保护的公众参与开展较好,英国的自然保护规制严格,这些对于我国的湿地保护立法都具有重要的借鉴意义。本文以湿地的功能介绍为基点,分析了我国的湿地保护的现状及当前我国的湿地政策及立法现状。提出完善的湿地保护法律体系对于湿地保护具有重要的意义,对于如何构建湿地保护法律体系也提出了一些建议,首先要修改我国的环境基本法,其次要构建我国的湿地保护专门立法,最后要加强湿地自然保护区的建设,要以可持续发展理念为宗旨来调整湿地利用与保护中形成的社会关系,从而加强对湿地的保护,以实现经济社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Wetlands, forests and oceans are known as the three major ecosystems in the world. Wetlands have both economic and ecological values. Wetlands have ecological functions such as maintaining water sources, purifying water quality, storing water and preventing drought, regulating the climate and maintaining biodiversity. Healthy wetland ecosystem is an important part of national ecological security and an important foundation for sustainable economic and social development. Protecting wetland is of great significance to maintain ecological balance, improve ecological condition and promote harmony between man and nature. There are many problems in the current situation of wetland utilization and protection in China, and we are concerned about how to solve these problems in legislation. This paper begins with the summary of wetland, introduces the function of wetland, especially highlights the ecological function of wetland, but because we do not have enough understanding of wetland, in the process of development, we often only take but lack of effective protection. As a result, the wetland area shrinks, the pollution intensifies, and the wetland biodiversity decreases, thus reducing the overall benefit of the wetland. One of the main reasons why wetlands do not have adequate protection is that the wetland management system is weak, there are many and miscellaneous departments involved in wetland protection, and there is a lack of co-ordination and coordination, resulting in a decline in the efficiency of wetland management. Another important reason is that there are a series of problems in the legislation of wetland protection. At present, there is no special legislation on wetland protection in China, and wetland protection still depends on the basic law of environmental protection and the traditional law on resources that need to be amended. Because the basic Law of Environmental Protection has less regulations on ecological protection and the traditional legislation on resources pays too much attention to the economic value of wetland, but neglects the ecological value of wetland, it is difficult for existing laws to effectively protect wetland. In order to maintain the ecological security of our country, it is urgent to carry out special wetland protection legislation as soon as possible. For the legal research on wetland conservation, many countries are in the leading position and have successful experience. For example, the United States pays attention to the coordination of laws, while Japan is a better place for public participation in wetland conservation. The United Kingdom has strict regulations on natural conservation. These are important for the wetland protection legislation in China. Based on the introduction of wetland functions, this paper analyzes the present situation of wetland protection in China and the current status of wetland policy and legislation in China. It is of great significance to improve the legal system of wetland protection, and some suggestions on how to construct the legal system of wetland protection are also put forward. First of all, we should amend the basic environmental law of our country. Secondly, it is necessary to construct the special legislation on wetland protection in our country, finally to strengthen the construction of wetland nature reserve, to adjust the social relations formed in wetland utilization and protection with the aim of sustainable development, so as to strengthen the protection of wetland. In order to achieve sustainable economic and social development.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】