论资源社会性理念及其制度实现

发布时间：2018-04-25 00:01

本文选题：资源法 + 资源社会性　；参考：《重庆大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：法的理念，是指人通过法律实践和理性思维把握的决定法律存在和发展的原则和精神。中西方通过取法自然法则以获取法的理念的方法，为我们通过对资源概念及属性的考察发掘资源社会性，进而抽象升华为法的理念提供了可靠模式和进路。资源是客观存在于自然界随着人类的发展而可被利用的对象性物质。对资源传统属性的认识不足以全面解决与资源相关的问题。应当把资源作为人化自然的一部分，探究其未知的社会属性——社会性，以此来确立调整人与人之间资源关系的制度，实现资源的公平、合理、高效利用。资源社会性是指资源参与到社会关系中，为全社会成员所共享，资源的消耗应当使社会的福利增加的属性。资源社会性是人类基于“共同拥有一个地球”的历史事实，面临着资源开发利用中的困惑和资源问题的窘境，在资源与人类社会的关系史中发现的。资源社会性的合理性和正当性可通过资源的产生和存在、资源的开发利用、资源问题的根源、影响及其解决等诸方面都具有社会性因素而得以证成。资源社会性广泛体现在资源所有权分立、资源的物质循环和权利流转、资源受益主体不断扩展以及不同时代人们的资源观上。资源社会性进入到理念范畴，符合理念的形式和实质要件。资源社会性理念是指人们在实践中通过理性思维把握到的资源具有社会性的理性观念，即资源为全体社会成员共同所有，资源消耗应当促进社会福利的增加，资源开发、利用和保护应当符合资源社会性要求，并由此确立起来的基本准则和价值观念。资源社会性理念包含着以人为本、社会本位和可持续发展三大基本原则，，以及资源公平、资源效益、资源秩序和资源安全等四大价值目标。资源社会性理念只有升华为法的理念，才能达到使人们普遍遵守的效果。作为法的理念，资源社会性理念凭借其指引、调整、评价和教育功能作用于人们的资源行为，通过对社会主体之间资源权利的分配和调整，从而使资源社会性理念下的指导原则和价值观在立法、执法、司法、守法、法律监督等各个环节得以普遍遵守，资源社会性理念方得以实现。资源社会性理念只有通过资源法律制度的完善才能得以实现。对照资源社会性理念，现行法律体系存在着资源权利配置不当、资源效益促进不力、资源保障乏力、资源秩序维护不足等缺陷，应当以宪法为中心建立公平的资源权利秩序体系，以控权为核心建立严格的资源权力监督制度，以市场为导向建立科学的资源效益促进制度，以可持续发展为目标建立稳定可靠的资源安全保障制度。
[Abstract]:The idea of law refers to the principle and spirit of the existence and development of law determined by human being through legal practice and rational thinking. The method of obtaining the idea of law by taking natural law provides a reliable mode and way for us to explore the sociality of resources by investigating the concept and attributes of resources, and then to sublimate the concept of law in abstract form. Resource is an object substance that exists objectively in nature with the development of human being. The understanding of the traditional attributes of resources is not enough to solve the problems related to resources. We should regard resources as a part of humanized nature and explore its unknown social property--sociality, so as to establish the system of adjusting the relationship of resources between people and realize the fair, reasonable and efficient utilization of resources. Resource sociality refers to the attribute that resources participate in social relations and are shared by all members of society. The consumption of resources should increase the welfare of society. The sociality of resources is found in the history of the relationship between resources and human society, which is based on the historical fact of "having one earth together", and is confronted with the puzzles and problems in the exploitation and utilization of resources. The rationality and legitimacy of the sociality of resources can be proved by the social factors such as the production and existence of resources, the exploitation and utilization of resources, the root of resource problems, the influences and their solutions, etc. The sociality of resources is widely reflected in the separation of ownership of resources, the material circulation and right circulation of resources, the expansion of resource beneficiaries and the people's view of resources in different times. The sociality of resources enters the category of ideas, which accords with the form and essential elements of ideas. The concept of sociality of resources refers to the rational idea that the resources grasped by people through rational thinking in practice are of social nature, that is, resources are owned by all members of society, and the consumption of resources should promote the increase of social welfare and the development of resources. Utilization and protection should meet the social requirements of resources, and thus establish the basic norms and values. The concept of sociality of resources includes three basic principles of people-oriented, social-oriented and sustainable development, as well as the four value goals of resource equity, resource efficiency, resource order and resource security. Only by sublimating the concept of resource sociality into law can we achieve the effect of universal adherence. As the concept of law, the social concept of resources acts on people's resource behavior through its guidance, adjustment, evaluation and educational function, through the allocation and adjustment of resource rights among social subjects. Thus, the guiding principles and values under the concept of sociality of resources can be generally observed in the aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judicature, law-abiding and legal supervision, and the concept of sociality of resources can be realized. The concept of sociality of resources can be realized only through the perfection of the legal system of resources. In contrast to the concept of sociality of resources, the current legal system has some defects, such as improper allocation of resource rights, weak promotion of resource efficiency, weak protection of resources, insufficient maintenance of resource order, etc. We should take the Constitution as the center to establish a fair order system of resource rights, establish a strict supervision system of resource power at the core of the control of power, and establish a scientific system of promoting the efficiency of resources by taking the market as the guide. To establish a stable and reliable resource security system aiming at sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6

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