中国环境责任保险制度探究

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:36

本文选题：环境污染 + 环境责任保险　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境责任保险制度就是责任保险制度与环境侵权损害赔偿责任制度相结合的产物,其是指企业发生污染事故对第三者造成损害时,保险人按照保险合同约定依法承担相应的赔偿责任,提供经济赔偿和治理费用。实践中,环境责任保险承保的是一种民事责任,带有浓厚的政府参与性,并且专门针对环境侵权造成的损失进行赔付。 20世纪70年代,环境权在西方兴起并被公众广泛接受,面对日益严重的工业污染,环保人士甚至提起了环境公益诉讼,公民环境权理论极大地推动了环境侵权理论的发展。面对巨额赔偿金和治理费,企业往往难以承受,这样整个经济圈迫切需要一种可以预防和分散环境赔偿风险的保险制度,环境责任保险制度应运而生。法国、英国、德国、美国等工业发达国家纷纷通过法律法规确定环境责任保险制度,保险公司应市推出环境责任保险业务。就目前来讲,我国对环境责任保险制度的研究寥寥,相关环境保险业务开展尚处起步阶段,保险产品单一,无法适应社会多样化需求。借鉴西方国家对环境责任保险制度的理论研究与实践经验,针对我国环境责任保险发展现状,构建起中国特色的环境责任保险制度体系,对我国社会主义事业建设中贯彻科学发展观与环境保护的基本国策,促进经济飞跃、社会和谐与生态保障有重大的促进作用。构建环境责任保险制度首先要加强并逐步完善环境法制体系建设。我国现阶段,明确规定环境责任保险的相关政府文件性质上不是法律法规,而只是属于政策性文件,这种性质决定了其往往具有很强的指导性,但是不具有法律约束力。我国法律在专门规定环境责任保险制度方面仍是空白；其次要充分发挥政府统筹协调职能。环境责任保险的经营风险大大高于其他商业保险,作为公益代表的各级政府在实施环境责任保险制度方面起着举足轻重的作用,环境责任保险制度的构建需要政府的政策与财政支持。在我国,一方面企业投保意识还很薄弱,另一方面承保企业承保能力还有待提高,环境责任保险市场很不成熟,现阶段环境责任保险制度的构建很大程度上依靠政府推动,在推动的基础上进行市场运作,这就要求各级政府部门在环境责任保险制度构建以及业务开展方面发挥宏观指导与利益协调作用；再次需要企业增强社会责任感,自觉推进环境责任建设,承担环境义务。企业的环境义务主要体现在环境责任上,这种责任包括企业的环境法律责任和环境道德责任,法律责任需要法律上的强制与规范,道德责任需要依靠环境道德规范和引导。推进企业环境责任建设对环境责任保险制度的构建作用表现在降低企业环境风险发生率,以较低的保费减轻环境治理投入压力；即使发生环境侵权赔偿,因企业各项有效的预防与补救措施,也会降低保险公司的赔付压力,从而降低承保公司的经营风险,维持保险业务的正常开展,政府与企业应该通过多条途径推进企业的环境责任建设。
[Abstract]:The environmental liability insurance system is the product of the combination of the liability insurance system and the environmental tort liability system .

In the 1970s , environmental rights arose in the West and was widely accepted by the public . Facing the increasingly serious industrial pollution , the environment - friendly people even instituted environmental public interest litigation , and the theory of citizen ' s environmental rights greatly promoted the development of environmental liability insurance .

The construction of environmental liability insurance system should strengthen and improve the construction of environmental legal system . At present , it is clear that the nature of relevant government documents of environmental liability insurance is not laws and regulations , but it is a policy document which determines that it often has strong guidance , but it is not legally binding .
Secondly , we should give full play to the government ' s integrated and coordinated function . The operation risk of environmental liability insurance is much higher than that of other commercial insurance . As a public interest representative , the government plays an important role in the implementation of environmental liability insurance system . In our country , the construction of environmental liability insurance system requires the government ' s policy and financial support . On the other hand , the construction of environmental liability insurance system is very weak . On the other hand , the construction of environmental liability insurance system depends on the government ' s promotion and market operation on the basis of promotion .
The enterprise ' s environmental obligations are mainly embodied in environmental responsibility , which includes the environmental legal responsibility and environmental moral responsibility of the enterprise , the legal responsibility needs the force and regulation of the law , the moral responsibility needs to rely on the environmental moral standard and guidance .
Even if environmental tort compensation occurs , because of the effective prevention and remedial measures of the enterprise , the compensation pressure of the insurance company can be reduced , so that the operation risk of the underwriting company is reduced , and the normal development of the insurance business is maintained , and the government and the enterprise should promote the environmental responsibility construction of the enterprise through a plurality of ways .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F842.6;D922.284;D922.68

【引证文献】