论环境侵权的归责原则

发布时间：2018-05-06 01:15

本文选题：环境侵权 + 归责原则　；参考：《重庆大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国经济的高速增长,环境侵权纠纷也呈不断增长之势。近几年频繁发生的环境侵权案件已引起人们对环境问题的高度关注,并随着环境问题的日益凸显和不断加剧,由环境污染和生态破坏所造成的环境侵权现象已成为我国的一大社会问题。环境侵权是一种特殊的侵权行为,与一般民事侵权相比,不管是其发生机制、危害后果还是救济功能和方式都有明显不同。而侵权法的归责原则在整个侵权法中居于核心地位,因此,确定合理的环境侵权归责原则体系,对于构建整个环境侵权民事救济体系具有积极意义。同时,在实践中也为司法人员正确处理环境侵权纠纷提供了所应遵循的基本准则。目前,依通说认为,我国在环境侵权领域实行的是无过错责任原则,而排斥其他归责原则的适用,此即无过错一元论。但是,随着实践的发展和时代的进步,一元论的缺陷和不足也暴露出来。因此,如何完善环境侵权归责体系成为理论和实践需要解决的问题。当前,在理论界形成了一元论、二元论和多元论等学说。一元论者依然坚持无过错责任原则,认为其为环境侵权的唯一归责原则;二元论者分为两派,一派坚持无过错责任原则和过错责任原则二元归责体系,另一派坚持无过错责任原则和公平责任原则二元归责体系;多元论者认为除无过错责任原则外,其他如过错责任原则、公平责任原则、危险责任原则等都是环境侵权的归责原则。本文通过对环境侵权行为的研究,并结合其他国家的相关立法,认为我国环境侵权应采无过错和过错二元归责体系。二元归责体系不仅具有法哲学意义上的合理性,也具有制度上的必要性,反映了环境侵权归责原则制度发展的内在要求,因此,应是我国在制度上的合理选择。在二元归责体系中,无过错责任原则应居于主导地位,是环境侵权的一般归责原则,过错责任原则起辅助作用,在特殊情形下适用。全文在结构上分为五个部分。第一部分论述了环境侵权归责原则的历史演变,并对相关学说进行了比较。第二部分阐述了无过错责任原则的形成过程及其重要意义。第三部分对环境侵权的复杂性及无过错责任原则面临的挑战作了论述。第四和第五部分是本文的重点,也是本文的创新,分别对环境侵权二元归责体系建立之必要性、合理性和如何在二元归责体系下对环境侵权进行重构作了阐述。通过以上论述,以期对我国环境侵权理论和实践的发展和完善有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic growth in China, environmental tort disputes are also growing. In recent years, the frequent cases of environmental infringement have caused people to pay close attention to environmental problems, and with the increasingly prominent and worsening of environmental problems, Environmental tort caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become a major social problem in China. Environmental tort is a special kind of tort. Compared with the general civil tort, the mechanism of occurrence, the harmful effect, the function and the way of relief are obviously different. The principle of imputation of tort law occupies the core position in the whole tort law, therefore, it is of positive significance to establish a reasonable system of environmental tort imputation principle system for the construction of the whole environmental tort civil relief system. At the same time, it also provides the basic criterion for the judicial personnel to deal with the environmental tort dispute correctly in practice. At present, according to the general theory, the principle of no-fault liability is applied in the field of environmental tort in our country, and the application of other imputation principles is excluded, that is, no-fault monism. However, with the development of practice and the progress of the times, the defects and deficiencies of monism are exposed. Therefore, how to improve the environmental tort liability system has become a theoretical and practical problem to be solved. At present, monism, dualism and pluralism have been formed in the theoretical circle. Monism still adheres to the principle of no-fault liability, which is regarded as the only imputation principle of environmental tort, and dualism is divided into two schools, one school adheres to the dualistic liability system of no-fault liability principle and fault liability principle, The other school adheres to the dualistic liability system of the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fair liability; the pluralists believe that, in addition to the principle of no-fault liability, other principles, such as the principle of fault liability and the principle of fair liability, The principle of dangerous liability is the imputation principle of environmental tort. Based on the study of environmental tort and the related legislation of other countries, this paper holds that the environmental tort in our country should adopt the dualistic liability system of no-fault and fault-free. Dualistic liability system is not only reasonable in the sense of philosophy of law, but also necessary in system, which reflects the inherent requirement of the development of the principle of imputation of environmental tort. Therefore, it should be a reasonable choice in the system of our country. In the dualistic liability system, the principle of no-fault liability, which is the general liability principle of environmental tort, plays an auxiliary role and is applicable under special circumstances. The full text is divided into five parts in structure. The first part discusses the historical evolution of environmental tort imputation principle, and compares the relevant theories. The second part expounds the formation process and significance of the principle of no-fault liability. The third part discusses the complexity of environmental tort and the challenges faced by the principle of no-fault liability. The fourth and fifth parts are the emphases of this paper and the innovation of this paper. The necessity, rationality and how to reconstruct the environmental tort under the dualistic liability system are expounded respectively. Through the above discussion, in order to our country environmental tort theory and the practice development and the consummation has the benefit.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】