新疆湿地保护法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 08:46

本文选题：湿地 + 湿地保护　；参考：《新疆财经大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地与森林、海洋并称为地球三大生态系统。湿地是一种特殊类型的生态系统,是地球上水域和陆地间过渡带，具有巨大的生态价值、社会价值和经济价值，，随着全球环保意识的不断提高，因此人们对湿地的保护倍加重视，但是目前面临着湿地面积急速锐减和功能严重退化的威胁。新疆处在西北最干旱地区，湿地面积很小，湿地面积已由建国约28000平方公里减少到目前约14800平方公里。许多原有的自然湿地正在消失或演变为人工湿地,许多绿洲、河流、沼泽被开发。伴随经济的发展和人口数量的增加，湿地资源受到人类活动的干扰日益严重，导致河流污染、改道，湖泊游移或消失，湖水盐碱化程度加大，湿地生态环境受到严重破坏。本文通过对国内外湿地研究与发展状况进行了总结，分析了新疆湿地的特征与类型，论证了制定新疆湿地保护地方立法的必要性和可行性，最后总结出湿地保护法律法规不健全、不完善是当前新疆湿地保护中的首要问题，完善新疆湿地保护地方立法迫在眉睫。因此在充分考虑新疆特殊资源环境、气候条件与经济发展的具体情况的前提下,加快完善新疆湿地保护地方立法,有针对性地提出湿地保护法律对策。全文共分为三个部分：第一部分介绍了新疆湿地资源的概况及特点。首先分析了《湿地公约》以及各国对湿地的定义以及湿地所具有的特殊生态价值、经济价值及其社会价值。并介绍了新疆湿地的地理位置及特殊性，其次重点介绍了新疆湿地资源的类别、分布及其特征。第二部分介绍了制定新疆湿地保护地方立法的必要性和可行性。通过介绍发达国家（美国、日本、英国）以及国内其他省份的湿地保护的经验以及值得借鉴之处，如利益权衡机制和机构协调机制。结合新疆的特殊资源环境和经济发展的实际情况来论证地方立法的可行性和必要性。第三部分就新疆湿地保护地方立法提出几点建议。首先应制定专门的湿地保护立法，其次应确立保护性利用的湿地保护的理念，再次构建良好的公众参与的制度和占补平衡制度，最后协调湿地保护管理机构的职能，完善监督、监管机制。
[Abstract]:Wetlands and forests, oceans and seas are known as the three major ecosystems of the earth. Wetland is a special type of ecosystem, which is a transitional zone between water and land on the earth. It has great ecological value, social value and economic value. Therefore, people pay more attention to the protection of wetland, but are facing the threat of rapid reduction of wetland area and serious degradation of wetland function. Xinjiang is located in the driest region in the northwest, and the wetland area is very small. The wetland area has been reduced from about 28000 square kilometers to about 14800 square kilometers. Many of the original natural wetlands are disappearing or evolving into artificial wetlands, and many oases, rivers, and swamps are being developed. With the development of economy and the increase of population, wetland resources are increasingly disturbed by human activities, resulting in river pollution, diversion, lake migration or disappearance, increasing the degree of salinization of lake water, and serious damage to wetland ecological environment. This paper summarizes the research and development of wetland at home and abroad, analyzes the characteristics and types of wetland in Xinjiang, and proves the necessity and feasibility of making local legislation on wetland protection in Xinjiang. Finally, it is concluded that the laws and regulations of wetland protection are not perfect, which is the primary problem in the protection of wetland in Xinjiang at present, and it is urgent to perfect the local legislation of wetland protection in Xinjiang. Therefore, on the premise of fully considering the specific conditions of Xinjiang's special resources, climate conditions and economic development, this paper speeds up the improvement of local legislation on wetland protection in Xinjiang, and puts forward relevant legal countermeasures for wetland protection. The full text is divided into three parts: The first part introduces the general situation and characteristics of wetland resources in Xinjiang. Firstly, the definition of wetland and the special ecological value, economic value and social value of wetland are analyzed. The geographical location and particularity of the wetland in Xinjiang are introduced. Secondly, the types, distribution and characteristics of wetland resources in Xinjiang are introduced. The second part introduces the necessity and feasibility of making local legislation on wetland protection in Xinjiang. This paper introduces the experiences of wetland conservation in developed countries (USA, Japan, Britain) and other provinces in China, and the points worth learning from them, such as the mechanism of balancing interests and the mechanism of institutional coordination. This paper discusses the feasibility and necessity of local legislation according to the actual situation of Xinjiang's special resource environment and economic development. The third part puts forward some suggestions on the local legislation of wetland protection in Xinjiang. Firstly, we should make special legislation on wetland protection, secondly, we should establish the concept of wetland protection for protective use, construct a good system of public participation and balance of occupation and compensation, and finally coordinate the functions of wetland protection management agencies and improve supervision. Regulatory mechanisms
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D927

【参考文献】