论美国告发人诉讼制度及其对我国环境治理的启示

发布时间：2018-05-17 18:57

本文选题：告发人诉讼 + 环境治理　；参考：《河北法学》2010年11期

【摘要】：告发人诉讼是由告发人根据法律规定对侵害公共利益的行为以政府的名义提起的诉讼,胜诉后一部分罚金归告发人,其余部分归属于政府。告发人诉讼最早起源于14世纪的英国,美国国会1863年颁布《防止欺诈请求法》首次引入了告发人诉讼制度。经过1943年和1986年两次修订,《防止欺诈请求法》在原告资格、诉讼程序、证明标准等方面完善了告发人诉讼制度,充分发挥了私人诉讼在促进法律执行方面的功用。20世纪90年代后,告发人诉讼开始在美国环境治理领域得到广泛适用。我国环境治理的问题突出表现在环境法律实效短缺。我国可以借鉴告发人诉讼的经验,利用民间力量推动环境法律的有效实施。建议在我国建立公众参与和政府主导相结合的环境公益诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:The prosecution of informant is brought by the informant in the name of the government according to the law. The later part of the fine belongs to the informant and the rest to the government. Informant action originated in Britain in the 14th century. The United States Congress enacted the Prevention of Fraud request Act in 1863 for the first time to introduce the whistleblower action system. After two amendments in 1943 and 1986, the Prevention of Fraud request Act perfected the whistleblower litigation system in terms of the plaintiff's qualification, the litigation procedure, the standard of proof, and so on. After the 90's of the 20th century, the whistleblower litigation has been widely applied in the field of environmental governance in the United States. The problem of environmental governance in China is outstanding in the shortage of environmental law effectiveness. Our country can draw lessons from the experience of whistleblower litigation and make use of folk power to promote the effective implementation of environmental law. It is suggested that public participation and government-led environmental public interest litigation system should be established in China.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学;山东科技大学文法学院;
【基金】：西南政法大学重点课题《环境争端解决机制研究》(XZKT0405)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915;D922.6

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