危险废物越境转移的刑法控制

发布时间：2018-05-17 21:19

本文选题：废物 + 危险废物　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：危险废物越境转移是指一国运用船舶、车辆和飞机等运输的方式将巴塞尔公约等国际公约或协定规定的危险废物和其他废物从一个国家的国家管辖区域内直接转移到它国国家管辖区域内的转移行为,或者从一国管辖范围内将危险废物和其他废物经过第三国国家领土或领海转运到其他目的国家的行为,但通过公海直接转移到目的地国或者从一国转移到公海等“公域”的除外。它具有跨国性或跨区域性、环境不公性、法律规制性、贸易相关性等特征。危险废物通过越境转移的方式进入其他国家,而不是在产生国通过有效安全的方式处理,对其他被转移地区和国家的水体、土壤、空气等诸多环境要素造成污染,损害人体健康。但它的发生有着经济、法律、社会等各种各样的原因,具体表现在世界各国特别是发达国家废物产生量的增加、发达国家与发展中国家环境法律规定的差距、发展中国家国民环保意识弱、废物处置成本费用差异、合法废物贸易的存在等几个成因。对危险废物越境转移进行刑法控制是指运用刑法的规范手段,对危险废物越境转移这种社会行为进行调整和监管,纠正其中不合理、不合法的环节,使之沿着预定的环境保护目标和国际环境公正的目的前进的活动。运用刑法手段对危险废物越境转移进行控制的最终目的是运用刑法这样较为严厉的法律调节手段,使越境转移危险废物的行为慢慢减少,最终实现人类的可持续发展和代际公平。经济学中的外部性理论,法学环境权理论和生态环境正义理论,社会学的系统论,都为危险废物越境转移问题寻求刑事法律上的管控提供了理论基础。我国的刑事立法中规定了四个和危险废物越境转移犯罪相关的罪名,从对这四个罪名的研究中发现,我国在危险废物越境转移犯罪刑事立法中存在诸如犯罪对象不一致,没有具体的危险废物犯罪的规定、既遂标准不统一,缺少危险犯设置、犯罪行为方式规定不全面、刑事体例不科学等问题。而这些方面恰恰是国际社会对危险废物越境转移犯罪刑事控制手段中较为完善的部分。因此,立法机关对于我国和危险废物越境转移犯罪相关的刑事立法进行调整时可以借鉴国际社会的经验,在犯罪对象、危险犯设置、既遂标准、行为方式、刑事立法体例等方面予以补充和完善。
[Abstract]:Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes means the use of ships by a State, The direct transfer of hazardous wastes and other wastes under international conventions or agreements, such as the Basel Convention, from areas under the national jurisdiction of a State to areas under the national jurisdiction of another State by means of transport, such as vehicles and aircraft, Or the transfer of hazardous wastes and other wastes from within the jurisdiction of a State through the territory or territorial sea of a third State to another destination State, Except if it is transferred directly to the destination country or from a State to a common territory such as the high seas. It has the characteristics of transnational or cross-regional, environmental injustice, legal regulation, trade relevance and so on. Hazardous wastes enter other countries through transboundary movements, rather than being treated in an effective and safe manner in the country of origin, which pollutes many environmental factors, such as water bodies, soils, air, etc., in other areas and countries being moved, Harm to human health. However, its occurrence has a variety of reasons, such as economy, law, society and so on. It is manifested in the increase of waste production in all countries in the world, especially in developed countries, and the gap between developed countries and developing countries in environmental laws. There are several causes, such as weak awareness of environmental protection in developing countries, difference in cost of waste disposal, existence of legal waste trade and so on. The criminal law control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes refers to the use of the normative means of criminal law to regulate and supervise the social behavior of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, and to correct the unreasonable and illegal links therein. Activities that move it forward with its stated environmental protection goals and international environmental justice goals. The ultimate purpose of controlling the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes by means of criminal law is to make use of more severe legal means such as criminal law to reduce the behavior of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. Finally realize the sustainable development of mankind and intergenerational equity. The theory of externality in economics, the theory of environmental right of law and the theory of ecological environmental justice, as well as the system theory of sociology, all provide a theoretical basis for seeking criminal legal control over the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. Four crimes related to the crime of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes are stipulated in the criminal legislation of our country. From the study of the four crimes, it is found that the criminal legislation of the crime of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is inconsistent in the criminal legislation, such as the object of the crime. There are no specific regulations on the crime of hazardous waste, the standard of accomplishment is not unified, the establishment of dangerous crime is lacking, the regulation of criminal behavior is not comprehensive, the method of criminal practice is not scientific, and so on. These aspects are the perfect part of the criminal control of the crime of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes in the international community. Therefore, when the legislature adjusts the criminal legislation related to the crime of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes in our country, it can learn from the experience of the international community. Criminal legislation style and other aspects to complement and improve.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.3;D922.68

【引证文献】