我国外来入侵物种立法研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:53

本文选题：外来入侵物种 + 立法　；参考：《天津大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济和社会的发展,人们愈加重视对生态环境及生物多样性的保护,而外来入侵物种已经构成了对生态环境、经济发展以及人类身体健康的严重威胁。因此,我们有必要研究并有效控制外来物种入侵。本文在充分研究外来物种入侵的本质、特点以及对比国外相关法律制度的基础上,论述我国防控外来物种入侵的立法概况和管理制度,并就完善我国外来物种入侵立法提出建议。外来入侵物种是指在自然或半自然生态系统或环境中建立了种群,给当地的生态系统或景观造成明显的损害或影响,改变或威胁本地生物多样性的外来物种。外来入侵物种危害性大,不仅会威胁生物多样性及生态环境,而且会危害经济的发展甚至会危害人类的身体健康。我国在外来物种入侵方面呈现出入侵物种多,威胁损失大等特点,为全球受外来物种入侵影响最为严重的国家之一。美国、日本等发达国家在防控外来入侵物种方面积累了较为丰富的经验,纷纷通过专门立法并制定了相关战略与细则来指导相关防控工作。同时,其外来入侵物种的管理和协调机构,检验检疫制度、许可制度等管理制度都是值得我们借鉴和学习的。本文提出应当制定一部防控外来入侵物种的基本法即《外来入侵物种法》以协调、指导相关工作的开展,为制定其他相关规章提供法律依据。该法的基本原则包括风险预防原则、重点防治原则、引入者负担原则、国际合作原则等。以此为基础,逐步建立风险评估制度、引入许可制度、检验检疫制度、名录和监测制度、责任追究制度等管理制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, more and more attention has been paid to the protection of ecological environment and biodiversity, and invasive alien species have become a serious threat to the ecological environment, economic development and human health. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study and control the invasion of alien species effectively. This paper discusses the legislative situation and management system of alien species invasion prevention and control in China, and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the legislation on alien species invasion in China. Alien invasive species refers to the establishment of populations in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or environments. Alien species that cause significant damage or impact to local ecosystems or landscapes, alter or threaten local biodiversity. Invasive alien species are harmful not only to biodiversity and ecological environment but also to economic development and even human health. China is one of the countries most seriously affected by invasive species invasion in the world. Japan and other developed countries have accumulated rich experience in the prevention and control of invasive alien species. They have adopted special legislation and formulated relevant strategies and rules to guide the prevention and control work. At the same time, the management and coordination of invasive alien species, the inspection and quarantine system, The licensing system and other management systems are worthy of our reference and learning. This paper proposes that a basic law on the prevention and control of alien invasive species, the Alien invasive species Law, should be formulated to coordinate and guide the relevant work. To provide a legal basis for the formulation of other relevant regulations. The basic principles of the law include the principle of risk prevention, the principle of key prevention and control, the principle of burden of the introducer, the principle of international cooperation and so on. On this basis, the risk assessment system is established step by step, and the management systems, such as licensing system, inspection and quarantine system, catalogue and monitoring system and accountability system, are introduced.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

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