我国农民环境权的法律保护研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 14:48

本文选题：农民 + 农民环境权　；参考：《南京农业大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境权概念与环境破坏和对环境问题的关注相伴而生,并随着破坏的持续和关注的深入不断发展,日益成为人类生存所必备的基本权利。我国农村地域广阔、农民的生产和生活方式与周围的环境息息相关,对自然环境有着双重依赖性,农民环境权的享有和保护对农民的生存和发展都具有重要的意义。环境权作为一项基本人权,农民是这一权利的当然主体。当前,农村环境的持续恶化,“癌症村落”层出不穷,对广大农民群体的生产生活造成了巨大的危害,农民的环境权受到侵蚀。当然有其主观方面的因素,诸如知识结构、传统思想、能力水平等,但更重要的是制度因素,在我国城乡二元结构的发展模式下,造成农民在政治、经济、法律等制度方面的不利境况,使得中国农民为新中国的经济发展作出了重大的牺牲。本文以广东省翁源县“癌症村落”为典型案例,分析农民在适宜环境享有权、环境状况知情权、环境事务参与权、环境侵害请求权方面受到的侵害,以及农民作为环境权主体其权利受到损害的特征。我国的城市化和经济发展模式与托达罗模型相吻合,托达罗模型的缺陷、国家环境污染治理投资上的倾斜以及农村环境法制建设的落后等共同作用,是为农民环境权受侵害的原因。要切实而深入的保护农民环境权就必须对其进行特别的关注和途径的选择。为了克服我国农村环境法制落后的现状,我们需要从以下方面努力：首先,从宪法和法律上确认公民环境权,完善和填补农村环境立法的不足和空白,构建体现农民环境权保护特点的环境法律制度；其次,明确农村环境执法依据,建立一支适合农民环境权保护实际需要的执法队伍,并完善农村环境执法措施中的激励机制和约束机制；再次,加强农村环境司法,引入环境公益诉讼制度,加快农村法律援助制度建设,走农民环境权损害赔偿社会化的道路。最后,根据2009年12月哥本哈根世界气候大会继续实施的“碳汇”交易制度,创新农村污染企业与农民之间的关系,消除碳足迹,以期保障农民适宜环境的享有权。农民的环境权保护是一项巨大而复杂的工程,要达到全面保护农民环境权,我们还有很长的路要走。
[Abstract]:The concept of environmental right is accompanied by environmental damage and attention to environmental problems, and with the continuous development of damage and concern, it has become an essential basic right for human survival. China's rural areas are vast, the farmers' production and life style are closely related to the surrounding environment, and have dual dependence on the natural environment. The enjoyment and protection of farmers' environmental rights are of great significance to the survival and development of farmers. As a basic human right, the farmers are the main body of this right. At present, with the continuous deterioration of the rural environment, "cancer villages" emerge in endlessly, which has caused great harm to the production and life of the majority of peasant groups. Farmers' environmental rights have been eroded. Of course, there are subjective factors, such as knowledge structure, traditional ideas, ability level, etc. But more importantly, institutional factors, under the development mode of dual structure between urban and rural areas in our country, cause peasants to be in politics and economy. The disadvantage of law and other systems makes Chinese farmers make great sacrifices for the economic development of New China. This paper takes "cancer village" in Wengyuan County, Guangdong Province as a typical case to analyze the farmers' right to enjoy their rights in the suitable environment. The right to know the environmental condition, the right to participate in environmental affairs, the right to claim for environmental infringement, and the characteristics of the damage to the rights of farmers as the subject of environmental rights. The urbanization and economic development model of our country coincides with the Todaro model, the defects of the Todaro model, the inclination of the investment in the national environmental pollution control and the backward construction of the rural environmental legal system, etc. It is the reason why farmers' environmental rights are infringed. To protect farmers' environmental rights, we must pay special attention to them and choose ways to protect them. In order to overcome the backward situation of rural environmental legal system in our country, we need to make efforts in the following aspects: firstly, we should recognize the environmental rights of citizens in the constitution and law, and perfect and fill in the deficiencies and gaps in rural environmental legislation. Secondly, we should make clear the basis of rural environmental law enforcement, and establish a law enforcement team suitable for the actual needs of farmers' environmental rights protection. Thirdly, we should strengthen rural environmental justice, introduce environmental public interest litigation system, speed up the construction of rural legal aid system, and take the path of socialization of farmers' environmental rights compensation. Finally, according to the "carbon sink" trading system continued to be implemented at the Copenhagen World Climate Conference in December 2009, the relationship between rural polluting enterprises and farmers is innovated and the carbon footprint is eliminated, in order to ensure the farmers' right to enjoy a suitable environment. The protection of farmers' environmental rights is a huge and complex project, and we still have a long way to go to achieve the full protection of farmers' environmental rights.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6;D922.1

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