我国清洁生产经济激励制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 03:39

本文选题：清洁生产 + 经济激励制度　；参考：《湖南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 清洁生产不仅是环境管理手段,更是有别于传统发展模式的一种新的经济发展模式。我国传统的经济发展模式导致“环境瓶颈”的制约日益明显,发展清洁生产,改变粗放型增长方式,走新型工业化道路,才能实现经济的可持续发展。发展清洁生产,应当首先从立法入手。我国清洁生产的立法较早,但是随着现代环境问题的日益加剧,清洁生产立法的不足也逐渐暴露出来。更新陈旧的立法观念,将清洁生产与现行环境法律法规紧密结合起来,可以消除法律体系自身非逻辑性的弊端。同时,还需要在法律实施的制度层面加以完善,不被信仰的法律,形同虚设。在实施环境管理法律规范时,应当将各项具体的环境管理制度与激励制度紧密结合,相互促进。环境经济激励制度是指在价值规律的基础上,通过立法充分利用环境经济激励手段,引导经济行为人实施有利于改善环境质量和持续利用自然资源行为的基本法律制度,它是针对环境资源外部不经济性问题的,具体可分为庇古手段和科斯手段两大类。典型的代表是环境税、补贴制度和排污权交易制度。环境税制度通过增加规定环境税收优惠措施的税种,加强优惠措施之间的协调与配合,充分运用加速折旧、投资抵免等间接优惠形式,加大税收优惠措施的力度,对清洁生产具有很大的促进作用。补贴是各种类型财政资助的通称,主要有现金补助、利率低于市场利率的软贷款、税收补贴等表现形式。可以由国家发展银行为主导,向采用清洁生产方式的单位提供利率低于市场利率的软贷款,并通过颁布产业贷款指导目录,鼓励商业银行向清洁生产的单位提供优惠的信贷支持,解决补贴的资金来源问题。排污权交易是一种以市场为基础的经济政策和经济刺激手段。排污企业为了减少费用,必然要采用先进的污染治理技术,并不断地开发更加有效的技术,由技术进步而带来的排污权节余又会给企业带来收益,从而体现效率与公平的统一,这是排污权交易的法律价值所在。以构建完善的地方排污制度为基础,加快推进国家排污管理制度的健全与完善。环境税、补贴、排污权交易制度各具特色,综合运用,才能妥善解决环境管理问题。
[Abstract]:Cleaner production is not only a means of environmental management, but also a new mode of economic development different from the traditional development model. The traditional economic development mode of our country leads to the increasingly obvious restriction of "environmental bottleneck". Only by developing cleaner production, changing the extensive growth mode and taking the new road of industrialization can we realize the sustainable development of economy. To develop cleaner production, we should first start with legislation. The legislation of cleaner production is earlier in our country, but with the increasing of modern environmental problems, the deficiency of clean production legislation is gradually exposed. Updating the outdated legislative concept and combining cleaner production with current environmental laws and regulations can eliminate the illogical drawbacks of the legal system itself. At the same time, we also need to perfect the system of law enforcement. In the implementation of environmental management laws and regulations, the specific environmental management system and incentive system should be closely combined and mutually promoted. On the basis of the law of value, the environmental economic incentive system is to guide the economic actors to implement the basic legal system which is conducive to the improvement of the environmental quality and the sustainable use of natural resources by making full use of the environmental economic incentives through legislation. It is aimed at the external diseconomy of environmental resources and can be divided into two categories: Pigou means and Coase means. Typical representatives are environmental tax, subsidy system and emission trading system. The environmental tax system strengthens the coordination and coordination among the preferential measures by increasing the types of taxes that stipulate the preferential measures of environmental taxation, makes full use of indirect preferential forms such as accelerated depreciation and investment credits, and increases the intensity of preferential tax measures. Clean production has a great role in promoting. Subsidy is a general term for various types of financial aid, mainly in the form of cash subsidies, soft loans with interest rates lower than market rates, tax subsidies, and so on. May be led by the National Development Bank to provide soft loans with interest rates lower than market rates to units adopting cleaner production methods, and through the issuance of an industrial loan guidance catalogue, Commercial banks are encouraged to provide preferential credit support to cleaner production units to solve the funding problem of subsidies. Emission trading is a market-based economic policy and economic stimulus. In order to reduce the cost, sewage enterprises must adopt advanced pollution control technology and continuously develop more effective technology. The savings of emission rights brought by technological progress will bring benefits to enterprises, thus reflecting the unity of efficiency and fairness. This is the legal value of emissions trading. Based on the construction of a perfect local sewage system, we should speed up the improvement of the national sewage management system. Environmental tax, subsidy and emission trading system have their own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F205;D922.6

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