矿业权之取得和流转法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 07:13

本文选题：矿业权 + 矿业权取得　；参考：《华东政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 矿产资源是国家的宝贵财富,是人类和社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。随着工业化的发展和人口的增长,人类对矿产资源的需求量越来越大,供需矛盾日益突出。我国人口众多,矿产资源相对不足,人均占有矿产资源量远远低于世界平均水平;加之综合利用水平较低,浪费现象较为严重,使得矿产资源短缺现象日益严重,制约了经济发展。建立符合社会主义市场经济规律和矿产资源勘查开发运行规律的具有中国特色的矿业法律体系,构建公平、公开、竞争、有序、统一的矿业市场模式,是消除现行管理体制弊端、维护矿业开发安全、提高矿产资源利用效率的有效途径,也是矿产资源国家所有权得到真正保障的体现。矿业权的取得和流转是整个矿业产业运行中的重要环节。矿业权市场的建立,矿业商业化风险勘探和开发都要求明确和完善矿业权取得和流转制度。合理的矿业权取得和流转制度安排是维护国家矿产资源所有者权益和矿业主体合法权益的重要保障。为了安全有效地开发利用矿产资源,我国历史上各个时期都对此作出了不同程度的规定,逐步形成了基本完备的法律法规,体现了矿业权有偿取得有序流转的基本原则。但是,随着经济全球化的发展,对外开放的深化和社会主义市场经济体制的完善,我国的矿业权取得及流转立法遇到了新的挑战。实践表明,现有的相关法律制度仍存在许多不完善甚至缺失的地方,市场机制的调控作用远远没有得到发挥,制度目标与实际效果尚存在较大的差距。近年来,国内学者对矿业权取得及流转相关理论的研究投入了很大热情,一方面也取得了一定的成果,为完善我国矿业权法律制度体系提供了理论支持;另一方面,学者们对矿业权有偿取得及有序流转的理论依据、方式程序、参与路径等诸多领域的研究仍有待进一步深化。本文首先对矿业权取得及流转的基本理论加以探讨,明确界定了矿业权的概念、法律属性、以及矿业权取得和流转的特征,以求对矿业权理论有一个整体的认识。其次,对美国、澳大利亚、日本和我国台湾地区的矿业权立法以及我国清末、民国、新中国时期矿业立法,进行介绍和分析,以资对我国建立和完善矿业权取得和流转的法律制度有所借鉴。最后,结合我国矿业权取得及流转过程中存在的问题,重点提出了完善我国矿业权取得及流转制度的相关构想与建议,即坚持市场化发展方向,推进法律制度改革。在整个论述过程中,本文紧紧围绕几个热点问题展开,如:矿业权取得的“双轨制”问题,现行税费制度存在的问题,中央和地方的矿产资源权益分配问题等,力求通过理性的思考和分析,探寻解决矿业权取得与流转中遇到的实际问题的最佳途径。
[Abstract]:Mineral resources are the precious wealth of the country and the important material basis for the survival and development of human beings and society. With the development of industrialization and the increase of population, the demand for mineral resources is increasing, and the contradiction between supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent. China has a large population, relatively insufficient mineral resources, and the amount of mineral resources per capita is far lower than the world average; in addition, the level of comprehensive utilization is low, and the phenomenon of waste is more serious, which makes the shortage of mineral resources become more and more serious. Restricted the economic development. To establish a mining legal system with Chinese characteristics that conforms to the laws of socialist market economy and the law of mineral resources exploration and development, and to build a fair, open, competitive, orderly and unified mining market model, It is an effective way to eliminate the malpractice of current management system, to maintain the safety of mining development and to improve the efficiency of mineral resources utilization. It is also the embodiment of the real guarantee of the national ownership of mineral resources. The acquisition and circulation of mining rights is an important link in the operation of the whole mining industry. The establishment of mining right market and the exploration and development of mining commercialized risk require clear and perfect mining right acquisition and circulation system. Reasonable arrangement of mining rights acquisition and circulation system is an important guarantee to safeguard the rights and interests of the national mineral resources owners and the mining main body. In order to develop and utilize mineral resources safely and effectively, different levels of regulation have been made in each period of our country's history, which has gradually formed the basic complete laws and regulations, which embodies the basic principle of the orderly circulation of the paid acquisition of mining rights. However, with the development of economic globalization, the deepening of opening to the outside world and the perfection of socialist market economic system, the acquisition and circulation of mining rights in China have met with new challenges. The practice shows that there are still many imperfections or even deficiencies in the existing relevant legal systems, the regulatory role of the market mechanism is far from being brought into play, and there is still a big gap between the system objectives and the actual results. In recent years, domestic scholars have invested a lot of enthusiasm in the research of mining right acquisition and circulation related theories. On the one hand, they have also achieved certain results, which provide theoretical support for perfecting the legal system of mining rights in China; on the other hand, Scholars still need to deepen their research in many fields, such as the theoretical basis of paid acquisition and orderly circulation of mining rights, the method and procedure, the path of participation and so on. This paper first discusses the basic theory of mining right acquisition and circulation, defines the concept of mining right, legal attributes, and the characteristics of mining right acquisition and circulation, in order to have a comprehensive understanding of mining right theory. Secondly, it introduces and analyzes the mining legislation of the United States, Australia, Japan and Taiwan, as well as the mining legislation of the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and the people's Republic of China. In order to establish and improve China's mining rights to obtain and transfer the legal system. Finally, combined with the problems existing in the process of mining right acquisition and circulation in China, the author puts forward the relevant ideas and suggestions to perfect the mining right acquisition and circulation system in China, that is, to adhere to the direction of market-oriented development and to promote the reform of the legal system. In the whole process of discussion, this paper focuses on several hot issues, such as the "two-track system" of mining rights acquisition, the problems existing in the current tax and fee system, the distribution of mineral resources rights and interests between the central and local governments, and so on. Through rational thinking and analysis, the best way to solve the practical problems encountered in the acquisition and circulation of mining rights is explored.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F426.1;D922.62

【引证文献】