我国动物遗传资源保护法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:28

本文选题：动物遗传资源 + 保护　；参考：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：动物遗传资源是生物科学研究的重要基础,是人类生存和经济社会可持续发展的战略性物资,同时关系到国家的生物安全和生态安全。动物遗传资源保护是一个世界性的研究课题,随着生物技术的不断发展,世界各国都把保护动物遗传资源作为本国的基本国策之一和法制建设的重要内容。近年来,发达国家凭借自身雄厚的经济和科技实力,采取合作研究、出资购买甚至偷窃的方式,无偿地从发展中国家搜集、掠夺遗传资源,并通过对世界遗传资源的控制,进而加速对发展中国家的市场占有和经济掠夺。我国作为一个生物多样性大国,拥有着极具价值的动物遗传资源,同样也面临着发达国家对我国动物遗传资源的剽窃与侵占。再加上我国人口的快速增长、对生物物种资源的过度开发、外来物种的引进、环境污染、气候变化等原因,我国动物物种资源丧失和流失情况严重。有关动物遗传资源保护的国际公约和区域性公约较多,如《生物多样性公约》、《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》等等。我国目前已经建立起了相对完善的自然资源保护法律体系,但尚无动物遗传资源保护方面的具体法律规定,仅有一些行政法规。本文试图从遗传资源的概念入手,明确界定动物遗传资源的内涵,简要概述其特点、分类及价值。在介绍我国动物遗传资源概况及保护的现状基础上,分析其存在的不足与缺陷,并结合国外代表性国家的国内立法和实践,对动物遗传资源的管制模式和保护机制进行深入的理论分析,在总结一般性规律的基础上明确提出了我国在动物遗传资源保护中的基本原则,即国家主导、公众参与原则、保护与利用并重原则以及平等共享原则和保持多样性原则。原则是抽象的,必须通过一定的形式才能体现出来。在这些原则的指导下,动物遗传资源保护可以通过市场化机制、收益补偿机制以及环境影响评价机制、安全预警机制实现。最后从我国的国情和法制实践出发,构建适合我国国情的动物遗传资源保护法律制度。
[Abstract]:Animal genetic resources are the important foundation of biological science research and the strategic materials for human survival and sustainable economic and social development. At the same time, they are related to the national biosafety and ecological security. The protection of animal genetic resources is a worldwide research topic. With the development of biotechnology, the protection of animal genetic resources is regarded as one of the basic national policies and the important content of legal system construction in the world. In recent years, by virtue of their strong economic and technological strength, developed countries have adopted cooperative research, contributed money to purchase and even stolen genetic resources from developing countries, collected and plundered genetic resources free of charge, and adopted control over the world's genetic resources. This will speed up market ownership and economic plunder in developing countries. As a big country of biodiversity, China has very valuable animal genetic resources, and also faces plagiarism and encroachment of animal genetic resources by developed countries. In addition, with the rapid growth of population, overexploitation of biological species resources, introduction of alien species, environmental pollution, climate change and other reasons, the loss and loss of animal species resources in China is serious. There are many international conventions and regional conventions on the protection of animal genetic resources, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and so on. At present, China has established a relatively perfect legal system of natural resources protection, but there are no specific laws and regulations on the protection of animal genetic resources, only some administrative regulations. This paper attempts to define the connotation of animal genetic resources from the concept of genetic resources, and briefly summarize their characteristics, classification and value. On the basis of introducing the general situation and protection of animal genetic resources in China, this paper analyzes its shortcomings and defects, and combines with the domestic legislation and practice of representative countries abroad. On the basis of summarizing the general rules, the basic principles of animal genetic resources protection in China are put forward, that is, the principle of state leading and the principle of public participation in the protection of animal genetic resources, which is based on the deep theoretical analysis of the control mode and protection mechanism of animal genetic resources. The principle of equal emphasis on protection and utilization, as well as the principle of equal sharing and the maintenance of diversity. Principles are abstract and must be embodied in a certain form. Under the guidance of these principles, the protection of animal genetic resources can be realized through market-oriented mechanism, revenue compensation mechanism, environmental impact assessment mechanism and safety early warning mechanism. Finally, according to the situation of our country and the practice of legal system, we construct the legal system of animal genetic resources protection suitable for our country.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

【参考文献】