环境侵权损害填补责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 09:59

本文选题：环境侵权 + 损害　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境侵权是指由于人为活动导致环境污染、生态破坏,从而造成他人财产或身体健康方面的损害的一种特殊侵权行为。随着现代工业文明的发展,环境侵权行为一旦发生,其损害往往巨大。传统侵权行为损害赔偿理论受到过失责任、个人责任的局限,难以合理、有效地填补环境侵权所发生之损害。由于近年来我国发生的一些环境事故,学界对于环境侵权填补责任进行了广泛的研讨。环境侵权是与现代文明共生的,我们无法完全地预知和预防环境侵权,也不可能为杜绝环境侵权而阻碍现代文明的发展与进步。但我们的法律必须与时俱进,平衡各方的利益。如何在保障具有环境侵权危险的行业发展的同时,保护潜在的环境侵权受害者的利益,是本文形成的初衷。笔者分析了环境侵权的有关特点:加害行为多具有高科技性与构成上的复杂性、多数情况下加害人无力承担环境侵权的全部赔偿责任、加害行为的间接性和因果关系的复杂性等。在此基础上指出传统的以过错为基础的惩罚性责任观念已经无法适应这种特殊的侵权,并进一步论证了环境侵权损害填补责任的必要性。笔者在分析我国环境侵权民事责任制度的现状的基础上,对环境侵权行为的归责原则进行了思考,提出环境侵权行为的“违法性”和侵权行为人的主观过错不应成为环境侵权损害赔偿责任构成要件。认为环境侵权损害赔偿责任构成要件应当包括客观上存在污染行为、存在损害结果、行为与损害结果之间具有因果关系。在构想我国环境侵权损害填补的保障制度时,笔者通过借鉴国外的有关法律,提出了侵权责任人自我保障制度、环境侵权责任保险制度、环境侵权损害补偿责任的行政补偿制度和环境侵权的社会补偿体制等有关制度设想,以期实现对环境侵权被害人的保护、对被污染环境的恢复。
[Abstract]:Environmental tort is a special kind of tort that causes environmental pollution and ecological destruction as a result of human activities, thus causing damage to other people's property or physical health. With the development of modern industrial civilization, once environmental tort occurs, its damage is often enormous. The traditional tort compensation theory is limited by fault liability and individual liability, so it is difficult to make up for the damage caused by environmental tort. Due to some environmental accidents occurred in China in recent years, scholars have carried out extensive research on the compensation of environmental tort liability. Environmental tort is symbiotic with modern civilization. We can not completely predict and prevent environmental tort, nor can we hinder the development and progress of modern civilization in order to prevent environmental tort. But our laws must keep pace with the times and balance the interests of all parties. How to protect the interests of potential victims of environmental infringement while safeguarding the development of industries with environmental tort risk is the original intention of this paper. The author analyzes the relevant characteristics of environmental tort: most of the injurious acts are high-tech and complex in composition, and in most cases the perpetrators are unable to bear the full liability of compensation for environmental tort. The indirectness of injurious behavior and the complexity of causality. On this basis, the author points out that the traditional concept of punitive liability based on fault can no longer adapt to this special tort, and further demonstrates the necessity of compensating liability for environmental tort damage. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of the civil liability system of environmental tort in China, the author thinks about the principle of imputation of environmental tort. The author points out that the "illegality" of environmental tort and the subjective fault of tortfeasor should not be the constitutive elements of liability for environmental tort damages. The author holds that the constitutive elements of liability for environmental tort damages should include the existence of pollution act, the existence of damage result, and the causality between the act and the damage result. In the course of conceiving the safeguard system of compensation for environmental tort damage in our country, the author puts forward the system of self-protection of torts liable person and the insurance system of environmental tort liability by referring to the relevant laws of foreign countries. In order to realize the protection of the victims of environmental infringement and the restoration of the polluted environment, the administrative compensation system of environmental tort compensation liability and the social compensation system of environmental infringement are envisaged.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D913;D912.6

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