欧盟电子废弃物污染防治法律制度研究及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-28 08:44

本文选题：电子废弃物 + 电子废弃物管理　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在当今的信息化时代,因电子电气产品的大量使用而产生的电子废弃物污染环境问题已十分严重。如何通过法律手段防治电子废弃物污染环境是各国面临的共同问题。欧盟通过《废弃电子电气设备指令》、《在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质的指令》以及《用能产品生态设计框架指令》等一系列立法建立起比较完善的电子废弃物污染环境防治法律制度。欧盟的电子废弃物污染防治制度体现了预防为主的环境法原则,强调在电子电气产品生命周期的上游阶段,即产品设计阶段就应该考虑如何减少电子废弃物产生的问题,并通过《用能产品生态设计框架指令》提出了具体的要求,同时,欧盟通过《在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令》对有毒有害物质加以控制从而减少电子废弃物对环境的危害程度。在电子废弃物污染环境的治理制度方面,欧盟确立了生产者延伸责任原则。将生产者的责任延伸到产品整个生命周期的不同阶段,特别是产品的回收、处理和最终处置阶段来改善产品在其生命周期内对环境所产生的影响。生产者延伸责任原则改变了电子电气产品使用后的废弃物处置主要由政府和一般纳税人负责的传统做法,有利于促使生产者在产品设计的源头就开始关注产品的废弃物问题,从而预防电子废弃物的产生。同时欧盟以生产者延伸责任原则为基础,确立了包括预防电子废弃物的产生及电子废弃物的回收、再利用和循环使用等电子废弃物的处理以及无害化处置等一系列比较完整的制度体系,并在生产者责任的承担方面,要求生产者区别不同情形承担个体责任和集体责任。此外,还强调了生产者所应该承担具体经济、信息责任等。我国目前电子废弃物污染防治法律制度散乱,缺乏统一的综合性立法。欧盟的电子废弃物污染防治法律制度为我国提供了很好的借鉴。借鉴欧盟的立法,需要在以下几方面完善我国的电子废弃物污染防治法律制度:一、明确电子废弃物的概念,并以此为基础建立统一的电子废弃物污染环境防治法律制度。二、以生产者延伸责任为原则,建立生产者、销售者、消费者公平合理分担电子废弃物防治责任的制度。三、完善电子废弃物的治理制度。借鉴欧盟做法,建立符合我国国情的电子废弃物的回收、处理和处置制度。四、以生态设计和有毒有害物质控制为核心,完善电子废弃物污染环境的源头预防制度。
[Abstract]:In today's information age, the problem of environmental pollution caused by electronic waste due to the extensive use of electronic and electrical products is very serious. How to prevent and control the environmental pollution by electronic waste is a common problem in many countries. The EU has adopted a series of legislation, such as the Directive on waste Electronic and Electrical equipment, the Directive on restricting the use of certain Hazardous substances in Electronic and Electrical equipment, and the Framework Directive on Ecological Design of Energy use products, and so on. The legal system for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by waste. The European Union's electronic waste pollution prevention system embodies the precautionary principle of environmental law and emphasizes that the issue of how to reduce the generation of electronic waste should be considered in the upstream phase of the life cycle of electronic and electrical products, that is, the product design stage. At the same time, the specific requirements are put forward through the "Framework instruction for Ecological Design of Energy use products", at the same time, The European Union controls toxic and harmful substances through the Directive on restricting the use of certain Hazardous substances in Electronic and Electrical equipment, thereby reducing the degree of environmental harm caused by electronic waste. The EU has established the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR) in the management system of environmental pollution caused by electronic wastes. The producer responsibility is extended to different stages of product life cycle, especially the stage of product recovery, treatment and final disposal to improve the impact of product on the environment during its life cycle. The principle of extended producer responsibility has changed the traditional practice of waste disposal after the use of electronic and electrical products, which is mainly the responsibility of the government and the general taxpayer, which helps to prompt producers to start paying attention to the waste problem of products at the source of product design. In order to prevent the generation of electronic waste. At the same time, based on the principle of extended producer responsibility, the European Union has established measures to prevent the generation of e-waste and the recovery of e-waste. A series of relatively complete institutional systems such as the disposal of electronic wastes such as reuse and recycling as well as harmless disposal require producers to bear individual responsibility and collective responsibility according to different situations in the assumption of producer responsibility. In addition, the producer should bear the specific economic, information responsibility and so on. At present, the legal system of prevention and control of electronic waste pollution in China is scattered, lacking of unified comprehensive legislation. The European Union's legal system of prevention and control of electronic waste pollution provides a good reference for our country. Using the legislation of EU for reference, we need to perfect the legal system of electronic waste pollution prevention in China in the following aspects: first, make clear the concept of electronic waste, and establish a unified legal system of environmental pollution prevention and control of electronic waste on the basis of it. Secondly, based on the principle of extended producer responsibility, the system of fair and reasonable sharing of responsibility for prevention and control of electronic wastes among producers, sellers and consumers is established. Third, improve the management system of electronic waste. The system of recycling, disposal and disposal of electronic waste is established according to the practice of EU. Fourthly, take ecological design and control of toxic and harmful substances as the core, and perfect the source prevention system of environmental pollution caused by electronic wastes.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D996.9;D922.68

【引证文献】