矿业开发生态补偿法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 12:33

本文选题：矿业开发 + 生态补偿　；参考：《江西理工大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 长期以来,我国在矿业开发中忽视环境保护,导致大量土地及自然景观遭到破坏,生态环境不断恶化;因采矿诱发的地质灾害频繁发生,矿区环境污染日益严重。随着我国经济利益与环境利益的冲突日益严重,人们已经逐步认识到经济与环境协调发展才是整个社会发展的基础。这种经济与环境利益关系的扭曲,不仅威胁着不同地区间和不同人群的和谐,更为重要的是使生态环境的保护面临着非常大的困难。解决这类问题的途径之一,就是建立与完善生态补偿法律制度。2007年8月,原国家环保总局出台的《关于开展生态补偿试点工作的指导意见》中指出,建立矿业开发生态补偿长效机制,联合有关部门推动建立矿山生态补偿基金,按照企业和政府共同负担的原则加大矿山环境整治力度,“多还旧账”等。我国的生态补偿起步于20世纪90年代初期,相比国外而言,存在很多的不足。因而,我国需要加强对国际上矿业开发生态补偿的研究,为我所用。论文主要包括四个部分: 第一部分,通过对矿业开发造成的生态环境问题的分析,指出确立生态补偿的必要性。然后介绍生态补偿的涵义、生态补偿法律制度的涵义和基本内容、并总结了生态补偿的本质特征。第二部分,主要介绍矿业开发生态补偿法律制度的涵义和理论基础,为整篇论文打下理论基础。第三部分,介绍了我国矿业开发生态补偿法律制度的现状和我国矿业开发生态补偿的实践,对我国矿业开发生态补偿法律制度急需解决的主要问题进行了总结。第四部分,介绍了美国、澳大利亚和菲律宾等国家的矿业开发生态补偿实践,并对国外矿业开发生态补偿的经验进行了总结。最后一部分,主要论述我国矿业开发生态补偿法律制度的完善,通过前面四部分的介绍,总结了几点完善矿业开发生态补偿法律制度的建议。论文的创新之处在于对我国矿业开发生态补偿的现状进行了梳理,通过介绍国外矿业开发生态补偿的实践,总结了国外矿业开发生态补偿对我国的借鉴,最后结合我国的现状提出几点完善我国矿业开发生态补偿法律制度的建议,尤其要对矿业开发中的“新帐”和“旧账”问题的解决区别对待,矿产资源税和矿产资源补偿费应向生态目标倾斜等等。
[Abstract]:For a long time, environmental protection has been neglected in mining development in China, which has led to the destruction of a large number of land and natural landscape, and the deterioration of ecological environment. Because of the frequent occurrence of geological disasters induced by mining, the environmental pollution in mining areas is becoming more and more serious. With the increasingly serious conflicts between economic interests and environmental interests in China, people have gradually realized that the harmonious development of economy and environment is the foundation of the whole social development. The distortion of the relationship between economy and environment not only threatens the harmony between different regions and different people, but also makes the protection of ecological environment face great difficulties. One way to solve this kind of problem is to establish and perfect the ecological compensation legal system. In August 2007, the former State Environmental Protection Administration issued a guidance opinion on the pilot work of ecological compensation. The long-term mechanism of ecological compensation for mining industry development should be established, and the relevant departments should be combined to promote the establishment of ecological compensation fund for mines. In accordance with the principle that enterprises and governments share the burden, efforts should be made to improve the mine environment and "pay back more old accounts" and so on. China's ecological compensation started in the early 1990s, compared with foreign countries, there are many shortcomings. Therefore, our country needs to strengthen the international mining development ecological compensation research, for our use. The paper mainly includes four parts: the first part points out the necessity of establishing ecological compensation by analyzing the ecological environment problems caused by mining development. Then it introduces the meaning of ecological compensation, the meaning and basic content of the legal system of ecological compensation, and summarizes the essential characteristics of ecological compensation. The second part mainly introduces the meaning and theoretical basis of the legal system of ecological compensation for mining development, which lays a theoretical foundation for the whole paper. The third part introduces the present situation of the legal system of ecological compensation for mining development in China and the practice of ecological compensation of mining development in China, and summarizes the main problems urgently needed to be solved in the legal system of ecological compensation for mining development in China. In the fourth part, the author introduces the practice of ecological compensation in mining development in America, Australia and the Philippines, and summarizes the experience of foreign countries in the development of ecological compensation in mining industry. In the last part, the author mainly discusses the perfection of the legal system of ecological compensation for mining development in China, and through the introduction of the previous four parts, summarizes several suggestions for perfecting the legal system of ecological compensation in mining development. The innovation of this paper lies in combing the present situation of ecological compensation for mining development in China. By introducing the practice of ecological compensation in mining development abroad, the paper sums up the reference of ecological compensation for mining development in foreign countries. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of ecological compensation for mining development in China, especially to solve the problems of "new account" and "old account" in mining development. The mineral resources tax and the mineral resources compensation fee should be inclined to the ecological target and so on.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.62

【引证文献】