中国矿山环境保护的法律制度研究
发布时间：2018-09-13 11:57
【摘要】： 在资源主导型的经济发展模式下,矿产资源无疑是我国经济社会发展的重要支柱。但矿业是高污染行业,特别是近年来我国矿产资源持续大规模的勘探开采,引起了一系列严重的矿山环境问题,矿山生态环境急剧恶化,其影响已涉及经济社会发展的方方面面,因此建立矿山生态环境恢复机制势在必行。 文章从矿山环境的含义入手,阐述了矿山环境保护制度的理论基础和矿山环境遭到破坏的现状,验证了保护矿山环境的必要性和紧迫性,并总结了我国现有的矿山环境保护法律制度的立法现状和管理现状,分析了各自的缺失,从而为进一步的比较分析提供了依据。接下来,通过比较研究的方法,介绍了美国和澳大利亚两个西方发达矿业大国的矿山环境保护制度,主要从制度和管理体制上分析其特点和优势。通过对各国制度利弊得失的分析,吸取先进的经验,避免重复其走过的弯路。 在以上分析、比较的基础上,本文对我国矿山环境保护的法律制度提出了一系列完善的建议,我国矿山环境保护的核心法律制度设计应贯穿矿产资源开发生产的全过程,从立项阶段的矿山环境影响评价制度,环境许可证制度,到主管部门对环境保护履行情况的监督检查,到矿山闭坑后对矿地的复垦和周围环境要素的恢复等等。重要的是,不仅关注制度的设计,更强调制度实施过程中的可操作性,力求以较低的法制成本获得较高的环境社会效益。在分析已有的矿山环境影响评价制度,土地复垦制度,矿山环境管理等的缺失基础上,提出了完善的建议;对于尚未建立的环境许可证制度,矿地复垦的技术标准制度等,提出了构建的设想,而且针对缺乏矿山环境治理资金的问题提出建立多元化、多渠道的投资机制。
[Abstract]:In the mode of resource-oriented economic development, mineral resources are undoubtedly the important pillar of our country's economic and social development. However, the mining industry is a highly polluted industry, especially in recent years, the continuous large-scale exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in China has caused a series of serious mine environmental problems, and the ecological environment of mines has deteriorated sharply. Its influence has been related to all aspects of economic and social development, so it is imperative to set up ecological environment restoration mechanism in mines. Starting with the meaning of mine environment, this paper expounds the theoretical basis of mine environment protection system and the present situation of mine environment being destroyed, and verifies the necessity and urgency of protecting mine environment. The present legislation and management status of the existing legal system of mine environmental protection in China are summarized, and their respective deficiencies are analyzed, thus providing the basis for further comparative analysis. Then, through the method of comparative study, this paper introduces the mine environment protection system of the two developed mining countries in the United States and Australia, and mainly analyzes its characteristics and advantages from the system and management system. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each country's system, we can absorb the advanced experience and avoid repeating the detour. On the basis of the above analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward a series of perfect suggestions to the legal system of mine environmental protection in our country. The design of the core legal system of mine environmental protection in our country should run through the whole process of mineral resources development and production. From the mining environmental impact assessment system, the environmental license system, the supervision and inspection of the competent department to the implementation of the environmental protection, to the reclamation of the mine after closing the pit and the restoration of the surrounding environmental elements, etc. It is important not only to pay attention to the design of the system, but also to emphasize the maneuverability in the process of implementing the system so as to achieve higher environmental and social benefits with lower legal costs. On the basis of analyzing the shortcomings of the existing environmental impact assessment system, land reclamation system and mine environmental management, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as the environmental license system, the technical standard system of mine land reclamation, etc, which have not yet been established, and so on. This paper puts forward the idea of construction, and puts forward the establishment of diversified and multi-channel investment mechanism in view of the lack of fund for mine environmental control.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.62
本文编号：2241106
[Abstract]:In the mode of resource-oriented economic development, mineral resources are undoubtedly the important pillar of our country's economic and social development. However, the mining industry is a highly polluted industry, especially in recent years, the continuous large-scale exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in China has caused a series of serious mine environmental problems, and the ecological environment of mines has deteriorated sharply. Its influence has been related to all aspects of economic and social development, so it is imperative to set up ecological environment restoration mechanism in mines. Starting with the meaning of mine environment, this paper expounds the theoretical basis of mine environment protection system and the present situation of mine environment being destroyed, and verifies the necessity and urgency of protecting mine environment. The present legislation and management status of the existing legal system of mine environmental protection in China are summarized, and their respective deficiencies are analyzed, thus providing the basis for further comparative analysis. Then, through the method of comparative study, this paper introduces the mine environment protection system of the two developed mining countries in the United States and Australia, and mainly analyzes its characteristics and advantages from the system and management system. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each country's system, we can absorb the advanced experience and avoid repeating the detour. On the basis of the above analysis and comparison, this paper puts forward a series of perfect suggestions to the legal system of mine environmental protection in our country. The design of the core legal system of mine environmental protection in our country should run through the whole process of mineral resources development and production. From the mining environmental impact assessment system, the environmental license system, the supervision and inspection of the competent department to the implementation of the environmental protection, to the reclamation of the mine after closing the pit and the restoration of the surrounding environmental elements, etc. It is important not only to pay attention to the design of the system, but also to emphasize the maneuverability in the process of implementing the system so as to achieve higher environmental and social benefits with lower legal costs. On the basis of analyzing the shortcomings of the existing environmental impact assessment system, land reclamation system and mine environmental management, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as the environmental license system, the technical standard system of mine land reclamation, etc, which have not yet been established, and so on. This paper puts forward the idea of construction, and puts forward the establishment of diversified and multi-channel investment mechanism in view of the lack of fund for mine environmental control.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.62
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 梁剑琴;;我国矿区土壤污染防治法律制度初探[J];金属矿山;2010年02期
2 万亚辉;沈越;;我国矿山地质环境问题[J];北方环境;2011年07期
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 许珍;我国矿山环境治理法律制度研究[D];江西理工大学;2010年
2 汪国兵;我国矿山土地复垦保证金制度研究[D];兰州大学;2011年
3 管丽英;我国煤矿区土地复垦立法研究[D];华中科技大学;2010年
4 张鹏;我国煤矿矿区生态环境的法律保护研究[D];山西财经大学;2009年
，本文编号：2241106
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