论我国农民环境权的保护

发布时间：2018-10-24 11:57

【摘要】：农民这一主体占据了我国总人口的绝大多数,可以说我国农民这一主体的环境权的享有状况直接反映了全国环境保护的发展水平。因此,在我国社会主义新农村建设时期,研究和探讨农民环境权的保护问题就显得尤为必要。本文在界定了农民环境权以及分析目前农民环境权现状的基础上对我国农民环境权的保护又进行了构建和完善,希望全社会都能清醒地意识到,在社会转型时期,加强农民环境权保护的必要性和紧迫性,并为将来对农民环境权保护的有关立法和实践提供些许理论基础,以期有所裨益。本文分四个部分。第一部分是基本理论的概述,包括了环境权的概念和特征的界定以及农民环境权的基本理论。农民环境权应从环境权的深入理解开始,首先通过学界对环境权的各种界定和观点的阐述从而对农民环境权的定义进行明确,同时阐明了农民环境权的特征以及其所涵盖的内容。农民环境权的理论概述是把握农民环境权的导入性理论,进而得以对农民环境权做出准确定位,是后文农民环境权保护的构建和完善的理论基础。第二部分是对农民环境权现状的审视。从我国农民环境权现状不容乐观,而现行法律制度又难以调和矛盾入手,进一步论述我国农民成为环境弱势群体的成因和特征,分析保护农民环境权意义之所在,进而从意识层面到实践领域对农民环境权的现状进行了全方位的审视。第三部分是对农民环境权保护中现存困境的分析。本部分从农民环境权保护立法的缺失、环保机构设置的不合理、环保社会资源分配的不合理、环境维权存在的困难、农民生态补偿制度的缺失这五个方面对我国农民环境权保护中所存在的主要问题进行了综合的比较分析,并从中总结出经验和教训,以期对我国农民环境权保护的体制设计有所启示。第四部分是对我国农民环境权保护的构建和完善。在事前我们首先要充分保障农民对环境的自治权以提高农民的主人翁意识,同时提高农民的环保意识以培养农民保护环境的社会责任感,为了更好的防范于未然,在事前我们还需要构建和完善农民环境权保护的立法以及建立健全农村环保机构的设置和农民参与制度；并在此背景下加强农村环境行政执法以及建立多形式的监督机制；最后从环境被污染破坏后的救济方面来构建和完善对农民环境权的保护,主要从三个方面着手,其一构建符合我国国情的环境公益诉讼制度；其二完善农民的生态补偿制度,以期能够实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢；其三完善农村环境法律援助制度,力使全体公民不论贫富都能平等的享有法律服务。本文从事前,事中和事后三个界点分别构建和完善保护农民环境权的制度设计,更能多角度、全方位的保护我国农民的环境权。
[Abstract]:The main body of farmers accounts for the vast majority of the total population of our country. It can be said that the enjoyment of environmental rights of the main body of farmers in our country directly reflects the level of development of environmental protection in the whole country. Therefore, in the period of new socialist countryside construction, it is necessary to study and discuss the protection of farmers' environmental rights. On the basis of defining the farmers' environmental rights and analyzing the present situation of the peasants' environmental rights, this paper constructs and perfects the protection of the peasants' environmental rights in our country, hoping that the whole society can soberly realize that in the period of social transformation, It is necessary and urgent to strengthen the protection of farmers' environmental rights and to provide some theoretical basis for the legislation and practice of farmers' environmental rights protection in the future. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the basic theory, including the definition of the concept and characteristics of environmental rights and the basic theory of farmers' environmental rights. The farmer's environmental right should begin with the deep understanding of the environmental right. Firstly, the definition of the farmer's environmental right should be clearly defined through the elaboration of various definitions and viewpoints of the environmental right in academic circles. At the same time, it clarifies the characteristics of farmers' environmental rights and the contents they cover. The theoretical summary of farmers' environmental rights is to grasp the guiding theory of farmers' environmental rights, and then to make an accurate positioning of farmers' environmental rights, which is the theoretical basis for the later construction and improvement of farmers' environmental rights protection. The second part is to examine the present situation of farmer's environmental right. Starting from the fact that the present situation of farmers' environmental rights is not optimistic, and the current legal system is difficult to reconcile the contradictions, this paper further discusses the causes and characteristics of farmers' becoming an environmental vulnerable group, and analyzes the significance of protecting peasants' environmental rights. Then from the level of consciousness to the practice field, the present situation of farmers' environmental rights is examined in all directions. The third part is the analysis of the existing predicament in the protection of farmers' environmental rights. In this part, the lack of legislation on the protection of farmers' environmental rights, the unreasonable setting of environmental protection institutions, the unreasonable distribution of environmental protection social resources, the difficulties of environmental rights protection, This paper makes a comprehensive comparative analysis of the main problems existing in the protection of farmers' environmental rights from the five aspects of the absence of the farmers' ecological compensation system, and sums up the experience and lessons from them. In order to our country farmer environmental right protection system design has the enlightenment. The fourth part is the construction and perfection of the protection of farmers' environmental rights. First of all, we should fully protect farmers' autonomy over the environment so as to enhance peasants' sense of ownership, and at the same time, raise farmers' awareness of environmental protection in order to cultivate farmers' sense of social responsibility to protect the environment. In order to better guard against the situation, In advance, we also need to establish and perfect the legislation on the protection of farmers' environmental rights, establish and perfect the setting up of rural environmental protection institutions and the system of farmers' participation, and in this context, strengthen the rural environmental administrative law enforcement and establish a multi-form supervision mechanism. Finally, to construct and improve the protection of farmers' environmental rights from the aspect of relief after the environment has been damaged by pollution, mainly from three aspects, one is to construct the system of environmental public interest litigation in accordance with the national conditions of our country; the other is to perfect the farmers' ecological compensation system. In order to realize the win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection, the third is to perfect the rural environmental legal aid system, and to make all citizens, rich and poor, enjoy legal services on an equal footing. This article constructs and consummates the system design of protecting farmers' environmental right separately from the three boundary points of prior, middle and afterwards, which can protect the farmers' environmental rights in all directions.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

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